2. 外语
  3. •Read the article below about management teams in making decisions. •Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fil

•Read the article below about management teams in making decisions. •Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fil

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问题    •Read the article below about management teams in making decisions.  
   •Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill each of the gaps.  
   •For each gap 8-12，mark one letter(A-G).  
   •Do not use any letter more than once.  
   How Management Teams Can Have a Good Fight
   Top managers often find it very difficult to manage conflict. They know that conflict over issues is natural and even necessary. Reasonable people，making decisions under conditions of uncertainty，are likely to have honest disagreements over the best path for their company’s future. Management teams whose members challenge one another’s thinking develop a more complete understanding of the choices, cerate a richer range of options. Ultimately they are able to make the kinds of effective decisions necessary in today’s competitive environments. But, unfortunately, healthy conflict can quickly turn unproductive. A comment meant as a substantive remark can be interpreted as a personal attack.  (8)  Personalities frequently become closely connected with issues. Because most executives are proud of their ability to make rational decisions，they find it difficult even to acknowledge—let alone manage—this emotional，irrational dimension of their behavior.
     The challenge is familiar to anyone who has ever been part of a management team.  (9)  The managers should be encouraged to argue without destroying their ability to work as a team.
     In a study，in 4 of the 12 companies，there was little or no substantive disagreement over major issues and therefore little conflict to observe. But the other 8 companies experienced considerable conflict. In 4 of them，the top-management teams handled conflict in a way that avoided interpersonal hostility or discord.  (10)  They described the way they work as a team as‘open’，‘fun’，and ‘productive’. The executives vigorously debated the issues，but they wasted little time on carefully considering and posturing. As one put it, ’I really don’t have time. ’Another said, ’We don’t gloss over the issues：we hit them straight on. But we’re not political, ’ Still another observed of her company’s management team, ’We scream a lot，then laugh，and then resolve the issue. ’
     The other four companies in which issues were contested were less successful at avoiding interpersonal conflict. Their top teams were plagued by intense hostility.  (11)  When executives described their colleagues to us，they used words such as‘manipulative’, ‘secretive’.‘burned out’，and‘political’. The teams with minimal interpersonal conflict were able to separate substantive issues from those based on personalities.  (12)  How did they do that? After analyzing the observations of the teams’ behavior, the experts found that their companies used the same tactics for managing interpersonal conflict. For instance，team members worked with more, rather than less, information and debated on the basis of facts.
   A. They must try to keep constructive conflict over issues from turning into nonfunctional interpersonal conflict.
   B. Executives Often failed to cooperate. rarely talking with one another, tending to fragment into cliques, and openly displaying their frustration and anger.
   C. Anxiety and frustration over difficult choices can evolve into anger directed at colleagues.
   D. Executives in those companies referred to their colleagues as ’smart’, ’team player’, and ’best In the business’.
   E. All the teams had to make high-stakes decisions in the face of considerable uncertainty and under pressure to move quickly.
   F. They managed to disagree over questions of strategic significance and still get along with one another.
选项
答案D
解析 本段内容主要关于一些管理者如何正确处理争论。空格前的句子“In 4 of them, the top-management teams handled conflict in a way that avoided interpelsonal hosti1ity or discord. ”说的是高级管理团队用避免在人与人之间产生敌意的方式来解决冲突；空格后的一句则是讲具体的方式。D项中的句子讲的也是具体的方式，且该句中的“referTed to…as”与空格后的句子中的“described…as”意思相近，两句的句式相同。另外一个重要的线索是，空格后的句子中的主语“They”指代的正是D项中的“Executiyes in those companies”。因此，D为正确选项。  
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