首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
"Gender", as the World Health Organization defines it, "is used to describe those characteristics of women and men, which are so
"Gender", as the World Health Organization defines it, "is used to describe those characteristics of women and men, which are so
admin
2021-01-19
96
问题
"Gender", as the World Health Organization defines it, "is used to describe those characteristics of women and men, which are socially constructed, while sex refers to those which are biologically determined. People are born female or male but learn to be girls and boys who grow into women and men. This learned behavior makes up gender identity and determines gender roles" (WHO,2002, "Annex", PI). While it seems simple and common sense to say that gender is a cultural construct and sex is biological make-up, much complex the-orization is involved when consideration is given to the fact that the knowledge about sex is also based on a cultural construct, and may be biased. If both knowledge of sex and gender are culturally constructed, then what people learn about their sex is subject to the discursive function of gender-related knowledge. Since it is society that produces knowledge about gender, learning about gender can be regarded as learning the culturally constructed knowledge about gender, and learning about one’ s gender is learning to define oneself according to a community’s rules and expectations of gender behavior. In the Foucauldian sense, gendering oneself is disciplining oneself. It is in the process of socialization that gender identity is acquired. Although gender identity is acquired, it is not entirely socially constructed, as it has to be an effect of ego development in its relation to the love-object. In Freud’s argument, gender identity does not come with birth, but is required upon the emergence of the ego. In such a notion, gender identity is formed as a result of the ego’s development, which is based on its interaction with the so-called "love-object". In Freud’ s theory, a boy would have his mother as the love-object and therefore will become feminine. A boy concept in Freud’s theory is that human beings are given by their sexual instinct and therefore the inclination towards the love-object is natural and it comes with birth.
选项
答案
“性别”,根据世界卫生组织的定义,“是用来描述那些社会建构的男女的特征,而性是指由生理决定的特征。人出生时是女性或男性,学着长大为女孩和男孩,最后成长为女人和男人。这种习得行为构成了性别认同,并决定了性别角色”(世卫组织,2002年,“附录”,第一页)。如果说性别是文化建构,性是生理构成,这似乎是简单的常识,但当考虑到有关性的知识也是基于文化建构的这一事实,并且有可能存在偏见时,就会涉及许多复杂的理论。如果性和性别的知识都是文化建构的,那么人们对自己性别的了解就会被与性别相关的知识的推论功能影响。因为是社会导致了关于性别的知识的产生,所以学习性别可以看作是学习关于性别的知识的文化建构,学习个人的性别就是学习根据社会的规则和对性别行为的期望来定义个人。在福柯的观念中,性别化的自我就是约束自己。性别认同是在社会化的过程中获得的。虽然性别认同是后天获得的,但它并不完全是社会建构的,因为它必然受到自我发展与“爱的对象”的关系的影响。在弗洛伊德的观点中,性别认同不是与生俱来的,而是自我出现时必需的。在这一观念中,性别认同是自我发展的结果,它是基于自我与所谓的“爱的对象”的互动而形成的。在弗洛伊德的理论中,男孩会把他的母亲作为“爱的对象”,因此会变得女性化。弗洛伊德理论中的男孩概念是,人的性本能决定了人拥有“爱的对象”是一种自然倾向,而这种倾向是与生俱来的。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/3T5a777K
本试题收录于:
翻译硕士(英语翻译基础)题库专业硕士分类
0
翻译硕士(英语翻译基础)
专业硕士
相关试题推荐
第十一届全国人民代表大会第三次会议
尾气污染近年来,中国汽车保有量年平均增长达15%左右。汽车总量剧增,大量排放有害气体,成为危害国人身心健康的“无形杀手”。据统计,在全国总死亡人数中,呼吸系统疾病占22.64%,居死亡人数第一位,这与大气的污染有直接关系。专家分析,城市大气污染7
信达雅
功能目的论
中国载人航天工程新闻发言人武平表示,载人航天工程实施以来,中国先后与世界上多个国家、地区和国际组织开展了广泛的合作与交流,在航天医学、空间科学实验、航天员选拔训练等领域均开展过务实合作。她说,中国愿与各国一起,共同推动世界载人航天技术发展,为和平利用太空、
InternationalMaritimeOrganization
BBC(电子邮件中使用)
垃圾分类
今天,中美两国元首宣布了两国各自2020年后应对气候变化的行动,认识到这些行动是向低碳经济转型长期努力的组成部分并考虑到2℃全球温升目标。双方计划继续加强政策对话和务实合作,包括在先进煤炭技术、核能、页岩气和可再生能源方面的合作,这将有助于两国优化能源结构
Intermsofpurequantityofresearchanddebate,businessschoolshaveperformedamazinglyinpromotingmanagementasadistinc
随机试题
社会主义民主广泛的实践体现在基层民主上。()
天然游泳场水质卫生指标包括
肿瘤的实质由透明细胞组成的是
腹壁反射肛门反射
女,36岁。主诉头晕乏力,3年来月经量多,浅表淋巴结及肝脾未触及,血红蛋白58g/L,白细胞8×109/L,血小板185×109/L,血片可见红细胞中心淡染区扩大,网织红细胞计数0.005。明确诊断需做的检查应除外
肾盂肾炎最常见的感染途径为()。
保险事故发生后,保险人未赔偿保险金之前,被保险人放弃对第三者的请求赔偿的权利的,保险人不承担赔偿保险金的责任。( )
下列说法正确的有()。
制造商在某一地区仅选择一家中间商推销其产品,通常双方协商签订独家经销合同,规定经销商不得经营竞争者的产品,以便控制经销商的业务经营,调动其经营积极性,占领市场的分销策略是()。
Retrofittinghousestouselessenergyshouldbeano-brainerforhomeowners.【C1】______time,moneyspentonwaystoreduceheat
最新回复
(
0
)