首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Look at the statements below and at the five extracts from an article about loss of control downward in management. Which articl
Look at the statements below and at the five extracts from an article about loss of control downward in management. Which articl
admin
2013-08-22
28
问题
Look at the statements below and at the five extracts from an article about loss of control downward in management.
Which article(A, B, C, D or E)does each statement 1—8 refer to?
For each statement 1—8, mark one letter(A, B, C, D or E)on your Answer Sheet.
You will need to use some of these letters more than once.
There is an example at the beginning, (0).
A
Managers control other employees. This is a vital function of management that varies only in degree and style. One area of change threatens to reduce the degree substantially: the "dilution" of control downward. A key function from the beginning, control shares the collective essence of management with planning, organizing, staffing, and directing. Some would add two more: innovating and representing. Today, many prefer a less autocratic-sounding word, but the logic remains convincing: Somebody must "run things". By implication, monitoring that process is also necessary if an effective, profitable organization is to be realized.
B
Some control has already been diluted when the authority to make decisions in the boss’s name is delegated. Needed especially as organizations grow larger, delegation almost inevitably generates tension. Managers know they should and must delegate, for many reasons. No matter how skilled and experienced, one person can neither do everything nor make all necessary decisions. Even if that superhuman ability existed, the development of promotable subordinates would be compromised.
C
Regardless of how necessary and desirable, however, delegation remains difficult. Typically, managers view letting a "less qualified person" do the job as illogical. They also fear potential loss of power and control. Despite such resistance, recent years have seen greater pressure to delegate. Those who like to invent terminology might call the new situation "delegation-plus", or perhaps "macro-delegation". Even the basic word might be ready for retirement.
D
In other words, long-existing delegation of authority down the chain of command has been supplemented greatly by widespread "empowerment". Decision-making has been "pushed downward" with a vengeance. Emphasis has been placed on decentralization and multiple teams. Causes are both philosophical and practical. Some see a pervasive paradigm shift. A vigorous effort is being made in benchmark firms not only to seek constantly better ways to do things but to do so more democratically, for assumed long-run effectiveness. One way to do this is to push organizational decision-making downward. Practically speaking, this effort is complemented by widespread downsizing. The restructuring that accompanies it often means reducing the number of middle managers. In the resulting "flat" organizations, those who remain wield broader spans of control or management, meaning they have more people to supervise.
E
Despite its popularity and even urgency, downward shifting provokes serious questions. Is it possible to reduce a manager’s operational control too much? Is the concept of "diminishing returns" likely, as in economic theory? The trend has been long ongoing; if that point does exist, how close are we? Is endless decentralization logical? Delegation per se does not have to compromise management control; should not, in fact, provided the needed skill exists. But the danger is always present.
Companies should place their emphasis on decentralization and group work for philosophical and practical reasons.
选项
答案
D
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/3V7d777K
本试题收录于:
BEC高级阅读题库BEC商务英语分类
0
BEC高级阅读
BEC商务英语
相关试题推荐
Yourcompanyhasfoundthatineffectivetimemanagementisoneofthemajorproblemareasthrough-outtheworkforce.Youhaveb
Theinterlocutorasksyouquestionsonanumberofwork-relatedandnonwork-relatedsubjects.(Thecandidatechoosesonetop
Inthispartofthetest,youareaskedtogiveashorttalkonabusinesstopic.YouhavetochooseoneofthetopicsfrOmtheth
Task5StaffTurnoverAsseveralmembersofstaffhaverecentlyleftthecompanyyouworkfor,themanagementisinvestigatingt
Question询问
Askingquestions查询
TaskOne-Job•Forquestions13-17,matchtheextractswiththepeople,listedA-H.•Foreachextract,choosethejobeachsp
TASKONE—ADVANTAGE•Forquestions13—17,matchtheextractswiththeadvantages,listedA—H.•Foreachextract,choosetheadv
DearMr.Hinson,Iwouldliketoconfirminwritingthearrangementsthatweagreed【S1】______atlastweekforthe
DearSir,Iamwriting【C1】______astrongcomplaintaboutthe【C2】______treatmentmyguests,mycolleagueandIreceived
随机试题
患者男,29岁。左肱骨外上髁骨折整复固定后3个月,肘关节肿胀、疼痛经久不愈,局部肤温较高,活动范围较小,X线片示肘关节周围云雾状的骨化团块。本病例最易影响
根据《水利工程工程量清单计价规范》,模板工程中的普通模板不包括()。
下列哪项不是郁证的特点
下列不属于企业向项目经理部交底内容的是( )。
试计算出工作W的自由时间差为()天。下列选项中,包括在网络计划中工作之间的逻辑关系有()。
托收承付结算,验货付款的承付期为()。
在校园里结缘的友谊之所以显得那么纯粹感人,_______________,只是单纯地悲伤与快乐,完全不在乎对方的家世背景,也不琢磨对方是否会成为日后的资源。这些在懵懂彷徨中一起走过的同学、老友都有一种神奇的力量,无论多久没见,只要相视一笑就会让人立刻回到过
简述人文主义教育的特征。
请编写函数fun,它的功能是计算下列级数和,和值由函数值返回。例如,当n=10,x=0.3时,函数值为1.349859。注意:部分源程序在文件PROG1.C中。请勿改动主函数main和其他函数中的任何内容,仅在函数fun的花括号中填入你编写的若干语句
DoestheInternetMakeYouDumber?[A]TheRomanphilosopherSenecamayhaveputitbest2,000yearsago:"Tobeeverywhereisto
最新回复
(
0
)