首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Look at the statements below and at the five extracts from an article about loss of control downward in management. Which articl
Look at the statements below and at the five extracts from an article about loss of control downward in management. Which articl
admin
2013-08-22
36
问题
Look at the statements below and at the five extracts from an article about loss of control downward in management.
Which article(A, B, C, D or E)does each statement 1—8 refer to?
For each statement 1—8, mark one letter(A, B, C, D or E)on your Answer Sheet.
You will need to use some of these letters more than once.
There is an example at the beginning, (0).
A
Managers control other employees. This is a vital function of management that varies only in degree and style. One area of change threatens to reduce the degree substantially: the "dilution" of control downward. A key function from the beginning, control shares the collective essence of management with planning, organizing, staffing, and directing. Some would add two more: innovating and representing. Today, many prefer a less autocratic-sounding word, but the logic remains convincing: Somebody must "run things". By implication, monitoring that process is also necessary if an effective, profitable organization is to be realized.
B
Some control has already been diluted when the authority to make decisions in the boss’s name is delegated. Needed especially as organizations grow larger, delegation almost inevitably generates tension. Managers know they should and must delegate, for many reasons. No matter how skilled and experienced, one person can neither do everything nor make all necessary decisions. Even if that superhuman ability existed, the development of promotable subordinates would be compromised.
C
Regardless of how necessary and desirable, however, delegation remains difficult. Typically, managers view letting a "less qualified person" do the job as illogical. They also fear potential loss of power and control. Despite such resistance, recent years have seen greater pressure to delegate. Those who like to invent terminology might call the new situation "delegation-plus", or perhaps "macro-delegation". Even the basic word might be ready for retirement.
D
In other words, long-existing delegation of authority down the chain of command has been supplemented greatly by widespread "empowerment". Decision-making has been "pushed downward" with a vengeance. Emphasis has been placed on decentralization and multiple teams. Causes are both philosophical and practical. Some see a pervasive paradigm shift. A vigorous effort is being made in benchmark firms not only to seek constantly better ways to do things but to do so more democratically, for assumed long-run effectiveness. One way to do this is to push organizational decision-making downward. Practically speaking, this effort is complemented by widespread downsizing. The restructuring that accompanies it often means reducing the number of middle managers. In the resulting "flat" organizations, those who remain wield broader spans of control or management, meaning they have more people to supervise.
E
Despite its popularity and even urgency, downward shifting provokes serious questions. Is it possible to reduce a manager’s operational control too much? Is the concept of "diminishing returns" likely, as in economic theory? The trend has been long ongoing; if that point does exist, how close are we? Is endless decentralization logical? Delegation per se does not have to compromise management control; should not, in fact, provided the needed skill exists. But the danger is always present.
Companies should place their emphasis on decentralization and group work for philosophical and practical reasons.
选项
答案
D
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/3V7d777K
本试题收录于:
BEC高级阅读题库BEC商务英语分类
0
BEC高级阅读
BEC商务英语
相关试题推荐
A、 B、 C、 A句子是询问打算申请哪家公司的Which疑问句。一定要注意听Whichcompanies。
Whattypeofservicedoesthecompanymostlikelyprovide?
FortwocandidatesTimeManagementYourcompanyhasfoundthatineffectivetimemanag
1.(Thecandidatechoosesonetopicandspeaksaboutitforoneminute.)A.StaffManagement:howtoachieveandmaintainhighm
EmployeefitnessCentreYourcompanyisplanningtoopenanemployeefitnesscentre.Youhavebeenaskedtosubmitideas
TaskSheetforCandidateATaskSheet1A:Themanagement;howtotreatyouremployeeswithTLC(TenderLovingCare)B:Custo
1.Practiseansweringthesequestions.PhaseOne:•Canyoutellmeaboutyourpresentjobandyourplansforthefuture?•Can
TASKONE—ADVANTAGE•Forquestions13—17,matchtheextractswiththeadvantages,listedA—H.•Foreachextract,choosetheadv
•YouwillhearaninterviewwithSteveMarriott,aninternalbusinessconsultantwithCarserve,avehiclebreakdownservice.•
HowtoapproachWritingTestPartTwo•Inthispartyouhaveachoiceofthreetasks:areport,proposalandpieceofbusiness
随机试题
下列描述错误的是
下列句子中,是名词性非主谓句的是()
患者,女,21岁。鼻出血、牙龈出血、皮肤瘀斑3d。查体:体温38.3℃,皮肤大片瘀斑,胸骨压痛,血常规WBC2.0×109/L,Hb80g/L,PLT5×109/L。为明确诊断首选的检查为
A.样本均数与总体均数比较的t检验B.配对计量资料比较的t检验C.两样本均数比较的t检验D.两大样本均数比较的u检验E.完全随机设计资料的方差分析比较某地11名患者与13名健康人的血磷值有无差别,宜用
传染病的基本特征为()
A.尽量使用专业术语B.认真聆听C.一是尊重、二是微笑D.—定的投诉应对能力E.—是热情、二是尊重从事药学服务应该具备的素质有()
王某承租F房屋,该房屋属于全民所有,现由甲公司经营管理。该房屋账面原值为50万元,市场价值为100万元,王某支付的月租金为0.25万元。现甲公司将该房屋与乙公司所有的G房屋互换,G房屋的市场价值为90万元。F房屋的房产税应纳税额为()万元/年。
各级公安机关由上级党委直接领导。()
两同学需托运行李。托运收费标准为10公斤以下6元/公斤,超出10公斤部分每公斤收费标准略低一些。已知甲乙两人托运费分别为109.5元、78元,甲的行李比乙重了50%。那么,超出10公斤部分每公斤收费标准比10公斤以内的低了多少元?()
在SQL的ALTERTABLE语句中,为了增加一个新的字段应该使用短语()。
最新回复
(
0
)