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  3. Today, most countries in the world have canals. Even in the twentieth century, goods can be moved more cheaply by boat than by a

Today, most countries in the world have canals. Even in the twentieth century, goods can be moved more cheaply by boat than by a

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问题     Today, most countries in the world have canals. Even in the twentieth century, goods can be moved more cheaply by boat than by any other means of transport. Some canals, such as the Suez or the Panama, save ships weeks of time by making their voyage a thousand miles shorter. Other canals permit boats to reach cities that are not located on the coast, Still other canals drain lands where there is too much water, help to irrigate fields where there is not enough water, and furnish water power for factories and mills.
    The size of a canal depends on the kind of boats going through it. The canal must be wide enough to permit two of the largest boats using it to pass each other easily. It must be deep enough to leave about two feet of water beneath the keel of the largest boat using the canal.
    Some canals have sloping sides, while others have sides that are nearly vertical. Canals that are cut through rock can have nearly vertical sides. However, canals with earth banks may crumble if the angle of their sides is too steep.
    Some canals are lined with brick, stone, or concrete to keep the water from soaking into the mud. This also permits ships to go at greater speeds, since they cannot make the banks fall in by stirring up the water. In small canals with mud banks, ships and barges must limit their speed.
    In places where it does not rain very often, irrigation canals drain water from rivers or lakes and carry it to fields. Sometimes artificial lakes, such as the lake behind the Aswan Dam on the Nile river, provide the irrigation water.
    In places where there is too much water, canals can drain the water off the land for use in farming. In Holland, acres and acres of land have been drained in this way. Since much of this drained land is below sea level, the water in the canals has to be pumped up to sea level. Dikes have been built in Holland to keep the sea from covering the land, as it did in the past.
    Many countries have built canals near the coast, and parallel to the coast. These waterways make it possible for boats to travel between ports along the coast without being exposed to the dangers of the open sea.
Canals in soft, muddy land have sides which are______.
选项 A、straight
B、sloping
C、vertical
D、steep
答案B
解析
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