首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Millions of man-hours are lost to industry through employees suffering backache or strain caused by operating poorly designed ma
Millions of man-hours are lost to industry through employees suffering backache or strain caused by operating poorly designed ma
admin
2018-01-16
33
问题
Millions of man-hours are lost to industry through employees suffering backache or strain caused by operating poorly designed machines and vehicles or moving awkward and heavy loads. Production is also interrupted by injury from other causes, such as vibration and excessive noise.
【R1】______
But help is coming from a perhaps unexpected quarter for companies prepared to plan their workshops and manufacturing lines to take account of these hazards.
The necessary information is emerging from a recently formed team of Ministry of Defense scientists at the Army Personnel Research Establishment at Farnborough. They are measuring factors which limit a soldier’ s ability to cope with advanced technical equipment and new types of vehicles, or to carry out routine jobs under difficult working conditions.
The problems of the factory and office manager may at first sight seem distant from those of the Army.
【R2】______
A task force of 120 physiologists, biologists, computer scientists, technologists and soldiers is therefore looking for the point at which human factors set the limit to the use of technology.
It is the stage at which no matter how advanced the engineering, it is the man who caused the complicated e-quipment to fail.
Dr. John Nelms, director of the establishment, says: " In an era when there is almost nothing the engineer can not build, man is the limiting factor. The research program marks a new stage in the evolution of the army in looking at how best to make the soldier and technology compatible. If we do not get the relationship right, the next battlefield could be a shambles. "
To meet the vast range of occupational hazards faced by the armed forces, the research group is measuring the limits imposed by physical stress arising from heat and cold, noise and vibration, psychological pressure, and the operational stress of putting high technology system into battleground conditions. The army also has an obligation during peacetime and training exercises to ensure that its men are exposed to greater risks to, say, hearing than those encountered in a well-run industry.
Trials to discover how stress cuts the efficiency of a man with a guided missile or a new tank electronic control and firing system, perhaps by reducing his "hit rate" from 100 percent to only 50, may appear to be a special requirement. But it is also relevant to the introduction in industry and commerce of new technologies with keyboard controls and visual displays.
【R3】______
Different patterns of noise are measured at Farnborough because damage to hearing is produced in various ways. Impulse noise from gunfire produces high pressures on the ear of a short duration, making the effects on the ear difficult to measure.
For instance, a rifle shot produces a maximum pressure of 160 decibels, lasting less than a hundredth of a second, at the ear of the marksman, whereas a typical industrial noise might reach an average level of 90 decibels over most of the working day. Some idea of those noise levels is given by what a person hears about 20 feet from a roadway—from motorcycles it is 89 decibels, cars 87 decibels, light commercial vehicles 88 and heavy lorries 92.
The effect on the body of lifting, loading and carrying objects is perhaps the work that has the widest common application to industry and the Army.
But the methods used today by the research team and the trials section—a group of regular soldiers seconded for two years for this work—to measure physiological limitations imposed by physical stress and strain are far from usual.
The measurements involve monitoring muscle fatigue by analyzing the bioelectric signals produced during movement and examination of the energy being expended and the muscle strength.
【R4】______
Particular tasks scrutinized at Farnborough include such things as the physiological strain in loading 120 mm ammunition within the turret workplace intended for a new tank design. The importance of this type of study was underlined by an analysis of the prototype of an advanced new armored vehicle, which the specialists in human engineering showed could only be operated by about 5 percent of the men in the Army.
【R5】______
It will provide further valuable material for the scientific discipline known as ergonomics—fitting the job to the workers—to which several university and polytechnic research groups have also made important contributions.
A. Although these occupational hazards are well recognized eliminating them is another matter, and they are not problems that disappear overnight by a wave of the magic wand of new technology.
B. New advances in technology requires specialist research into the best way to operate sophisticated equipment.
C. Indeed, the military research emerged because the generals foresaw that the development of a wide range of new equipment, including man-operated guided missiles and suits for protection against nuclear, chemical and biological dangers, had important implications for the efficiency of the soldier on the battlefield.
D. The psychological fear of the battlefield may be missing, but measurements of the degree to which an operator’ s skill is impaired by constant noise and other stressful interruptions are of concern to all businessmen.
E. An indication of the stress on the cardiovascular system is made by recording variation in heart rates during work. A tiny tape recorder attached to the individual’ s clothing logs the signals.
F. Much of this information is being compiled as manuals that will be available to industry as well as suppliers of defense equipment to the Ministry of Defense.
【R4】
选项
答案
E
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/4GWd777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语五级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语五级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
Accordingtothisarticlethetrendtowardearlymarriages______.Theauthorstatesthatthehomeasaninstitutionis______.
Whichofthefollowingofficialranksisnotintroduced?______isnotthedutyofdeans.
Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith______.Inthepassage,theauthorincludesallofthefollowingEXCEPT_
WhatiswrongwiththeAmericandiet?
Theword"bound"inparagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutearlyAmericanhotels
AstheInternethasrapidlybecomeamainstreammedium,thesocialimpactoftheInternethasbeenatopicofongoingdebate.So
Thereareseveralthingsaboutmotorcyclingthattheaveragecitizendislikes.Acyclist’s(31)hassomethingtodowiththisdi
Thereareseveralthingsaboutmotorcyclingthattheaveragecitizendislikes.Acyclist’s(31)hassomethingtodowiththisdi
WhereisthesocializingdonetraditionallyfortheUKyoungpeople?
Theyaretalkingabouttheproblemsofoldpeopleingeneral.
随机试题
音乐作品:《天鹅湖》
患者女性,60岁,多年患结节性甲状腺肿,近2周右侧叶一结节明显增大,质硬,内有砂粒样钙化点,同侧颈淋巴结肿大若进行彩色多普勒血流检查,此病一般表现为
赵某与王某参加刘某的婚礼后,由赵某驾车回家,王某坐在后排座位上,赵某经过一路口,贸然闯红灯,撞上经过此路口的行人孙某,王某见状,对赵某说:“赶紧走,现在没有人看见。”赵某遂加大油门,狂奔5公里。孙某因得不到及时的救助而不幸身亡。赵某因交通肇事被依法逮捕,请
[2012真题·单选]普通低合金钢除具有较高的机械强度外,其特性还有()。
在国际上,项目经理是其上级任命的一个项目的项目管理班子的负责人,它的主要任务是()。
基金份额持有人享有基金的()。
国家助学贷款的还款方式包括()。
依据契税的相关规定,下列处理不正确的有()。
根据下列材料回答问题。该省2010年社会消费品零售总额是()。
2011年9月17日,在“占领华尔街”这一口号的号召下,纽约爆发抗议活动。示威者在号称全球经济心脏的华尔街附近祖科蒂公园扎营,在纽约证券交易所等华尔街金融机构外举标语、喊口号,抗议华尔街“贪婪”无止境,指责政府救助少数金融机构而使多数人陷入经济困境。许多示
最新回复
(
0
)