①中国首都北京是世界上最令人神往的城市之一。②这是一座具有3,000多年历史,1,530万人口,占地面积16,808平方公里的城市,是中华人民共和国的政治、文化和经济中心。 ③北京位于华北平原北端,西接内蒙古高原,南接华北平原。④有五条河流从城市穿

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问题     ①中国首都北京是世界上最令人神往的城市之一。②这是一座具有3,000多年历史,1,530万人口,占地面积16,808平方公里的城市,是中华人民共和国的政治、文化和经济中心。
    ③北京位于华北平原北端,西接内蒙古高原,南接华北平原。④有五条河流从城市穿过,流入东边的渤海。⑤北京市是中央直辖市,其行政权限相当于一个省,接受中央政府直接领导。
    ⑥北京历史悠久。⑦700多年以来,北京一直是中国的主要都城。⑧天安门广场上除了古老的紫禁城宫殿外,还耸立着人民大会堂和毛泽东主席纪念堂。
    ⑨古老的北京城墙已经被环城路所取代,许多自住宅区的胡同和四合院已经变成了高层次宾馆、办公大楼和百货商店。⑩北京是一座生气勃勃、充满活力、古老风貌和现代风格相融合的城市,她一直吸引着国内外千百万游客。

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答案 ①②As the capital of China, Beijing is one of the world’s truly enchanting place with a 3000-year history and 15.3 million people. Covering 16, 808 square kilometers in area, it is the political, cultural and economic center of the People’s Republic of China. ③Situated in the northeast of China, Beijing adjoins the Inner Mongolian Plateau to the northwest and the North China Plain to the south. ④Five rivers run through the city, connecting it to the eastern Bohai Sea. ⑤Administratively, the Beijing municipality equals the status of a province, reporting directly to the central government. ⑥⑦Rich in history, Beijing has been China’s primary capital for more than seven centuries. ⑧At Tiananmen Square, besides the old Forbidden City, there stand The Great Hall of the People and Chairman Mao Zedong Memorial Hall. ⑨The old city walls have been replaced by ring roads, and many of the old residential districts of alleys and quadrangles have been turned into high-rise hotels, office buildings, and department stores. ⑩Beijing, a dynamic city where the old and new styles intermingle, remains a magnet for visitors from inside and outside China.

解析     1.①句位于第一段的句首,起到统领作用,可单独成句,但因②句信息较多,故将历史和人口信息作后置定语,前移至①句,其补充修饰的作用,译作As the capital of China. Beijing is one of the world’s truly enchanting place with a 3000-year history and 15.3 million people.
    2.⑥句位于段首,起统领整段的作用,可单独成句,译为Beijing has a long history,但⑦句“700多年以来”与⑥句紧密相连,不妨合成一句话,译作Rich in history,Beijing has been China’s primary capital for more than seven centuries.
    3.⑩句“北京是一座生气勃勃、充满活力、古老风貌和现代风格相融合的城市”中,“城市”的前置定语较长,若按照原文语序翻译会不符合英文的表达习惯,因此可将这些定语的位置稍做调整,其中“生气勃勃”和“充满活力”为同义词,翻译时只需保留其中一个即可,可译为dynamic,并将其作前置定语修饰“城市”,即a dynamic city;“北京是一座……的城市”可考虑用同位语来处理主语和表语,即Beijing. a dynamic city…。至于“古老风貌和现代风格相融合的”我们可以将其处理为定语从句,同样起修饰“城市”的作用,其中“风貌”和“风格”为同义词,翻译时也可合译,译为styles,即a dynamic city where the old and new styles intermingle。
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