首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or d
Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or d
admin
2013-07-02
76
问题
Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent? It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way may be a universe sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value.
Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in a people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In a classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands. All groups including the Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions. The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to report the multiple emotions that were shown by facial expressions. The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense.
Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. In fact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also work in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person’s facial expression can influence that person’s emotional state. Consider Darwin’s words: "The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other hand, the repression , as far as possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions. "
What are the possible links between facial expressions and emotion? One link is arousal, which is the level of activity or preparedness for activity in an organism. Intense contraction of facial muscles, such as those used in signifying fear, heightens arousal. Self-perception of heightened arousal then leads to heightened emotional activity. Other links may involve changes in brain temperature and the release of neurotransmitters(神经传递素). The contraction of facial muscles both influences the internal emotional state and reflects it.
What would be the possible meaning of "despondent"(Line 2, Para. 1)?
选项
A、Curious.
B、Depressed.
C、Responsible.
D、Dependent.
答案
B
解析
语义理解题。从出现该词的上下文来看,它与happy并列,可见应该是表达某种情感的词汇。而在它前一句的内容中出现了“人们会经历快乐和悲伤”,后面提到要如何“辨别人们是快乐还是despondent”,所以该词意思应和快乐相反,故答案是[B]。[A]显然和文章内容无关;[C]、[D]想借助某种程度上的形似来混淆意思。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/4cn7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
Inmanycountries,authorityisseldom,ifever,questioned,eitherbecauseitishighly【B1】______,orbecauseitisfeared.So
Inmanycountries,authorityisseldom,ifever,questioned,eitherbecauseitishighly【B1】______,orbecauseitisfeared.So
HostilitytoGypsieshasexistedalmostfromthetimetheyfirstappearedinEuropeinthe14thcentury.TheoriginsoftheGyps
A、Itfindssomeimportedgoodscauseenvironmentaldamage.B、UKwastesalotofmoneyimportingfoodproducts.C、Itthinkspeopl
Everykidmaycomplainaboutschoolnowandthen,butonlyaemailpercentageofkidsareunwillingtogotoschool.Elementary
Everykidmaycomplainaboutschoolnowandthen,butonlyaemailpercentageofkidsareunwillingtogotoschool.Theproble
A、Thenewsecurityplanforthemunicipalbuilding.B、Theblueprintforthedevelopmentofthecity.C、Thecontroversyoverthe
A、Theywelcometheincreaseintemperature.B、Theydevotethemselvestodealingwithunfortunatesituations.C、Theysufferfrom
Withtherecentrapidadvancesininformationtechnologies,educationalresearchersateverylevelandinevery【B1】______haved
LatinoyouthsneedbettereducationforArizonatotakefulladvantageofthepossibilitiestheirexplodingpopulationoffers.A
随机试题
晚望[金]周昂烟抹平林水退沙,碧山西畔夕阳家。无人解得诗人意,只有云边数点鸦。[注]周昂:字德卿,河北西路真定人(今河北正定人),二十四岁擢第中进士,任南和主簿,迁良乡令,入拜监察御史,因诗坐谤讪罪,谪贬东海
A.前者是由早年即开始的持续一生的,社会适应能力不良。后者社会适应能力良好B.前者从小就爱惹是生非,易激惹,有攻击或侵犯行为。后者有较明确的起病时间,疗效较好C.前者少有精神病性症状。后者多有幻觉妄想D.两者均属重性精神病E.两者均与遗传无关人
某患者因腮腺良性肿瘤将于明日行腮腺浅叶切除术加面神经解剖术,今日术前家属签字时,谈话中以下哪项是不必要的
层高2.20m的有围护结构的架空走廊,其建筑面积按()计算。
个人独资企业的特征包括( )。
2013年年末A公司对其有关存货进行盘点,发现存货盘亏,经查明,分别由以下情况导致:(1)甲原材料收发过程中计量差错引起的存货盘亏10万元,原进项税额1.7万元;(2)乙原材料由于管理不善丢失20万元的存货,原进项税额3.4万元;(3)丙原材料由于管理不
2015年7月1日,甲公司因财务困难,以其生产的一批产品偿付了应付乙公司账款1200万元,该批产品的实际成本为700万元,未计提存货跌价准备,公允价值为1000万元,增值税销项税额170万元由甲公司承担,不考虑其它因素,甲公司进行的下述会计处理中,正确的有
(2010年浙江.79)用数字0、1、2(既可全用也可不全用)组成的非零自然数,按从小到大排列,问“1010”排在第几个?()
ToothersandthemselvestheBritishhaveareputationforbeingconservative--notinthenarrowpoliticalsense,butinthesen
A、Toconstructadam.B、Tocompensatevillagerswhoaremadelandlessbydamconstruction.C、Tomakethefarmersandvillagersg
最新回复
(
0
)