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  3. The UN General Assembly, the central political forum, is composed of 193 members, including virtually all the world’s nation-sta

The UN General Assembly, the central political forum, is composed of 193 members, including virtually all the world’s nation-sta

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问题 The UN General Assembly, the central political forum, is composed of 193 members, including virtually all the world’s nation-states. Two-thirds of its members are developing countries, which account for about three-quarters of the world’s population.
Reaching decisions is difficult, especially since all agreements by custom must be reached by consensus. As a result, important agreements are often held hostage by narrow special interests, and most agreements are reached only by reducing them to their lowest common denominators. But the real question is whether the major countries of the world will allow democracy to function at the highest level.
The Security Council, which is responsible for peace and security, deals with issues of the greatest political importance. The Council has only 15 members so it can meet frequently and deal with crises. Once impotent due to Cold War rivalries,  it has regained much of the authority accorded by the UN charter.
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答案联合国大会(中心政治论坛)由193个会员国组成，几乎包括世界上所有的民族国家。其中三分之二的会员国为发展中国家，约占世界总人口的四分之三。 在联合国大会上通过决议很困难，尤其在规定所有依惯例的决议必须以协商一致的方式通过以后，就变得更加困难了。如此一来，重要的决议往往被狭隘的特殊利益所挟持，并且大部分决议只有在迎合了所有国家而做出妥协性方案后才能达成。但真正的问题是，那些世界大国是否愿意看到民主最大化。 联合国安理会负有维持和平和安全的责任，处理最重要的政治问题。安理会只有15个成员国，所以能经常性地召开会议，应对危机。虽然安理会曾经由于冷战时期的严重对立而无力作为，但目前已经重获《联合国宪章》所赋予的绝大部分权威。
解析 1．第一段第一句中，the UN General Assembly，其约定俗成的中文翻译是“联合国大会”，简称“联大”，是联合国6个主要机构之一。注意不要译为“联合国代表大会”。“联大”的members一般译为“会员国”，而非“成员国”；nation-states译为“民族国家”。
2．第二段第一句，主句为Reaching decisions is difficult，连词since引导时间状语从句。英语行文中为了避免词语重复，往往用同义词代替前面出现过的词语。本句中，agreement不建议译为“协议”，而应该同前面出现的decision一样译为“决议”，以利于句子内容的连贯性。从句中all agreements by custom可以译为“所有依惯例(做出)的决议”；be reached byconsensus译为“以协商一致的方式通过”。
3．第二段第二句，建议采用直译加补充性说明的方法，以保留原句风格。其中hold sb．／sth．hostage的意思是“挟持(为人质)”，仍保留译为“挟持”；lowest common denominator是数学术语，意为“最小公分母”，在这里可以理解为“为了迎合所有国家而做出的妥协性方案”。
4．第三段最后一句，impotent意为“无能为力的，无法作为的”；rivalries作可数名词用，意为“对立行为”；accord意为“给予，赋予”；UN charter指《联合国宪章》，须注意加上书名号。本句中，it has regained much of the authority的意思是“重获了绝大部分权威”，为了使句子更加流畅，建议转换much of the authority的位置，译为“重获了《联合国宪章》所赋予的绝大部分权威”。
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