首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
•Look at the statements below and at the five extracts from an article about loss of control downward in management. •Which arti
•Look at the statements below and at the five extracts from an article about loss of control downward in management. •Which arti
admin
2010-01-28
49
问题
•Look at the statements below and at the five extracts from an article about loss of control downward in management.
•Which article (A, B, C, D or E) does each statement 1—8 refer to?
•For each statement 1—8, mark one letter (A, B, C, D or E) on your Answer Sheet.
•You will need to use some of these letters more than once.
A
Managers control other employees. This is a vital function of management that varies only in degree and style. One area of change threatens to reduce the degree substantially: the "dilution" of control downward. A key function from the beginning, control shares the collective essence of management with planning, organizing, staffing, and directing. Some would add two more: innovating and representing. Today, many prefer a less autocratic-sounding word, but the logic remains convincing: Somebody must "run things". By implication, monitoring that process is also necessary if an effective, profitable organization is to be realized.
B
Some control has already been diluted when the authority to make decisions in the bosses name is delegated. Needed especially as organizations grow larger, delegation almost inevitably generates tension. Managers know they should and must delegate, for many reasons. No matter how skilled and experienced, one person can neither do everything nor make all necessary decisions. Even if that superhuman ability existed, the development of promotable subordinates would be compromised.
C
Regardless of how necessary and desirable, however, delegation remains difficult. Typically, managers view letting a "less qualified person" do the job as illogical. They also fear potential loss of power and control. Despite such resistance, recent years have seen greater pressure to delegate. Those who like to invent terminology might call the new situation "delegation-plus’, or perhaps "macro-delegation". Even the basic word might be ready for retirement.
D
In other words, long-existing delegation of authority down the chain of command has been supplemented greatly by widespread "empowerment". Decision-making has been "pushed downward" with a vengeance. Emphasis has been placed on decentralization and multiple teams. Causes are both philosophical and practical. Some see a pervasive paradigm shift. A vigorous effort is being made in benchmark firms not only to seek constantly better ways to do things but to do so more democratically, for assumed long-run effectiveness. One way to do this is to push organizational decision-making downward. Practically speaking, this effort is complemented by widespread downsizing. The restructuring that accompanies it often means reducing the number of middle managers. In the resulting "flat" organizations, those who remain wield broader spans of control or management, meaning they have more people to supervise.
E
Despite its popularity and even urgency, downward shifting provokes serious questions. Is it possible to reduce a manager’s operational control too much? Is the concept of "diminishing returns" likely, as in economic theory? The trend has been long ongoing; if that point does exist, how close are we? Is endless decentralization logical? Delegation per se does not have to compromise management control; should not, in fact, provided the needed skill exists. But the danger is always present.
With the development of companies, more decision-makings are authorized in the boss’s name.
选项
答案
B
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/4lKd777K
本试题收录于:
BEC高级阅读题库BEC商务英语分类
0
BEC高级阅读
BEC商务英语
相关试题推荐
Inthispartofthetest,youareaskedtogiveashorttalkonabusinesstopic.Youhavetochooseoneofthetopicsfromthe
(Thecandidatechoosesonetopicandspeaksaboutitforoneminute.)A.Careerdevelopment:theimportanceofacquiringarange
Canyoutellmewhyyouchooseyourparticularcareer?(Whatsparkedyourinterestinyourmajor?Howdidyoufirstgetinvolved
TaskOne-Job•Forquestions13-17,matchtheextractswiththepeople,listedA-H.•Foreachextract,choosethejobeachsp
TASKONE—ADVANTAGE•Forquestions13—17,matchtheextractswiththeadvantages,listedA—H.•Foreachextract,choosetheadv
•Readthetextbelowaboutthelogistics.•Inmostofthelines41-52thereisoneextraword.Itiseithergrammaticallyinco
•Readthearticleaboutinternationalauditingstandards.•Foreachquestion31-40,writeonewordinCAPITALLETTERSonyour
•Readthearticleaboutinternationalauditingstandards.•Foreachquestion31-40,writeonewordinCAPITALLETTERSonyour
随机试题
关于创造性与智商的关系,下列正确的是()
工业、交通、电力、市政等工程建设项目设计一般划分为()。
变电所三绕组(自耦)联络变压器控制屏仪表(监测),不需要测量有功、无功功率的是什么部位?
洗钱罪的犯罪主体有特定含义,下列构成洗钱罪的是()。
德育过程是一个长期的、反复的、不断前进的过程。
Ineighteenth-centuryFranceandEngland,reformersralliedaroundegalitarianideals,butfewreformersadvocatedhighereducat
下列四条叙述中,正确的一条是___________。
Completeeachsentencewiththecorrectending,A-K,below.Writethecorrectletter,A-K,inboxes31-37onyouranswershe
WethinkthatEnglishisveryuseful,_____?
It’sofficialthatmarriedpeoplearehealthier,oratleasttheythinktheyare.AnAmerican【B1】______ofover100,000peoplesh
最新回复
(
0
)