首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
By the mid-nineteenth century, the term "ice-box" had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect
By the mid-nineteenth century, the term "ice-box" had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect
admin
2017-08-15
62
问题
By the mid-nineteenth century, the term "ice-box" had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States: The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1861-1865), as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modern refrigerator, had been invented.
Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose: In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary. The commonsense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of ice that performed the cooling. Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox.
But as early as 1803, an ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.
The word "rudimentary" in Para. 2 is closest in meaning to ______.
选项
A、basic
B、sufficient
C、necessary
D、undeveloped
答案
D
解析
本题可参照第2段第2句。这句的意思是“在19世纪早期,作为制冷科学关键因素的热学知识还没有……”,而紧接着的一句“那种认为最好的冰盒就是阻止冰融化的常识自然是错误的”,从这句话可以判断当时人们对热学并不了解,引申这个意思的话就可以知道rudimentary的意思肯定是负面的,因此D项是正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/4pFO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Everyoneitseemshasahealthproblem.AfterpouringbillionsintotheNationalHealthService,Britishpeoplemoanaboutdirty
Onbehalfofmycompany,Iam____toyouandyourcolleaguesforyourgeneroushelp.
ToproducetheupheavalintheUnitedStatesthatchangedandmodernizedthedomainofhighereducationfromthemid-1860’stot
Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowno,highunemploymentisprobabl
Mostparentsprizethediversitywithintheirchildren’spublicschools.Theyknowthatlearningtocooperateandexcelinadiv
In1784,fiveyearsbeforehebecamepresidentoftheUnitedStates,GeorgeWashington,52,wasnearlytoothless.Sohehireda
Virtuallyeverythingastronomersknownaboutobjectsoutsidethesolarsystemisbasedonthedetectionofphotons—quantaofele
Desperation,hunger,thirst,andresentmentallmakeitmorelikelythatpeoplewill______amorepowerfulfigurewhopromisesth
Inrecentyears,railroadshavebeencombiningwitheachother,mergingintosupersystems,causingheightenedconcernsaboutmo
Inasense,thenewprotectionismisnotprotectionismatall,atleastnotinthetraditionalsenseoftheterm.Theoldprotec
随机试题
关于程序模块化,以下叙述错误的是()。
企业发生的下列交易或事项产生的汇兑差额应计入当期损益的有()。
以下不属于货币型理财产品的是()。
下列关于股票的表述中,正确的有()。
顾客满意度报告的内容应包括()。
适用于初学者,也适用于优秀运动员的负荷增加方式有()。
海事局新进了一批公务员,领导让你组织他们进行为期三个月的培训。请问你怎么组织?怎么体现针对性和实效性?
设3阶矩阵A的特征值λ1=1,λ2=2,λ3=3对应的特征向量依次为α1=(1,1,1)T,α2=(1,2,4)T,α3=(1,3,9)T.(Ⅰ)将向量β=(1,1,3)T用α1,α2,α3线性表出;(Ⅱ)求Anβ.
将当前工作表的记录,按“总分”的降序排列。
PeopleallovertheworldknowWimbledonasthecentreoflawntennis. In1874itwasacountryvillage,butitwasthehome
最新回复
(
0
)