2. 外语
  3. Why people work? Undoubtedly you have periodically asked yourself the same question, perhaps focused on why you have to work. "S

Why people work? Undoubtedly you have periodically asked yourself the same question, perhaps focused on why you have to work. "S

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问题      Why people work? Undoubtedly you have periodically asked yourself the same question, perhaps focused on why you have to work. "Self interest" in its broadest sense, including the interests of family and friends, is a basic motivation for work in all societies. But self-interest can involve more than providing for subsistence or accumulating wealth. For instance, among the Maori, a Polynesian people of the South Pacifica desire for approval, a sense of duty, a wish to conform to custom and tradition, a feeling of emulation (竞争), and a pleasure in craftsmanship are additional reasons for working. Even within the United States, we cannot understand work as simply a response to economic necessity. Studies show that the vast majority of Americans would continue to work even if they inherited enough money to live comfort- ably.
     When people work, they gain a contributing place in society. The fact that what they receive pay for their work indicates that what they do is needed by other people and that what they are a necessary part of the social fabric. Work is also a major social mechanism for placing people in the larger social structure and for providing them with identities. In the United States, it is a blunt and ruthlessly public fact that to do nothing is to be nothing and to do little is to be little. Work is commonly seen as the measure of an individual.
     Sociologist Melvin L. Kohn and his associates have shown some of the ways work affects our lives. Generally, people who engage in self-directed work come to value self-direction more highly, to be more open to new ideas and to be less authoritarian in their relationships with others. Moreover, they develop self-conceptions consistent with these values, and as parents they pass these characteristics on to their children. Our work, then, is an important socializing experience that influences who and what we are.
The best title for the passage might be______.
选项 A、The Society and the Individual
B、The Significance of Work
C、The Society and Work
D、The Definition of Work
答案B
解析 选项B的意思为：“工作的意义”。本文的主旨是文章的第一句：“为什么人要工作?”在第一段作者指出，工作的目的不仅限于谋生或一种经济需要。在第二、三段，作者谈了他对工作目的认识。除谋生外，工作使我们在社会中找到自己的位置，工作是使我们获得健康的价值观并塑造我们的人生的机会。可见，本文旨在探讨的是工作的意义。
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