2. 外语
  3. Not every writer could command the eloquence of Tomas Paine. But nearly everyone shared Paine’s belief that the struggle was hug

Not every writer could command the eloquence of Tomas Paine. But nearly everyone shared Paine’s belief that the struggle was hug

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问题     Not every writer could command the eloquence of Tomas Paine. But nearly everyone shared Paine’s belief that the struggle was hugely important, Loyalist and American patriot alike set to work eagerly to expose folly and injustice and convert the reader. Whether the writer’s immediate aim was to stir the emotions, to ridicule the enemy, or to convince by patient reasoning, in all cases a certain urgency still communicates itself to the reader. Controversy aloes not on its own create good writing; yet it is usually a powerful aid.
    For the infant nation, victory in the war and for the republican principle came as a heartening overture.  The United States was brand new, or almost so; old errors and temptations had been shunned, and the book of history lay open at a clean page. The former Puritan confidence in posterity had been retained, as we can see from Paine’s words; but though Puritan optimism had not been rosy enough to embrace human nature, the emphasis in these glad deistic(自然神教的) days now shifted from duties to rights, from innate depravity to innate virtue.
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答案 以修辞和口才论，很少有作家能和托马斯?潘恩媲美，但几乎人人都和潘恩一样相信那场斗争非常重要。保皇党和美国爱国者都迫不及待地要揭露荒谬和不公，以争取读者。不管作家的直接目的是鼓动情绪，或嘲笑敌人，还是以理服人，就是我们今天读来，依然感到一种紧迫感。争论本身并不能产生好的作品，可是它往往能够有力地推动好作品的诞生。 对于刚刚成立的美国而言，战争与共和原则的胜利，是使人鼓舞的开端。美国是全新的或者说几乎是全新的国家，旧日的错误和诱惑已然摆脱，新的历史要从头写起。过去清教徒对未来的信心还保留着，这一点我们可以在潘恩的著作里看到；虽然清教徒的乐观并不包括人性的方面，可是在欣然信奉自然神教的时代，重点已经由义务转移到权利，从天赋邪恶转移到天赋德性。
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