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  3. In the late 1860’s, industry in America grew rapidly. More factories meant more jobs. But working conditions were dangerous. Emp

In the late 1860’s, industry in America grew rapidly. More factories meant more jobs. But working conditions were dangerous. Emp

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问题     In the late 1860’s, industry in America grew rapidly. More factories meant more jobs. But working conditions were dangerous. Employees were forced to work as many as 16 hours a day in hot, dirty rooms. Children often worked alongside adults. Wages were usually very low.
    Workers tried to improve conditions by forming unions.  One of the first important unions was the Knights of Labor, formed in 1869. Blacks and women were welcomed as members. The Knights of Labor wanted an 8-hour workday, higher wages, and better working conditions. The union called for an end to the employment of children under age 14.
    Together with other unions, the Knights of Labor tried to make changes through collective bargaining. Union leaders would meet with employers and talk.  When collective bargaining failed, the unions resorted to strikes. When some strikes that the unions held turned violent, public opinion turned against them. Many members left the Knights of Labor, and by 1890 the union had died out.
    But other unions survived. The AF of L, American Federation of Labor, was formed in 1881. It continued to push for the goals set by the Knights of Labor. However, most federal laws protecting workers and outlawing child labor were not passed until the 1930’s.
Which of the following statements about labor unions can be concluded based on the information in the passage?
选项 A、Labor unions reached their peak of power in the 1986’s.
B、It took labor unions many years to improve conditions for workers.
C、The early labor unions failed .because they were not concerned with the well-being of workers.
D、The early labor unions failed because they could not agree on what they wanted to fight for.
答案B
解析 此题是对主题思想的推理判断。其中concluded．．．based on the passage为关键词语。它要求读者避开过于细节性的选择，也不能选择过于笼统的答案，致使选项中包含的内容超越文章的范围。读者应抓住情节用排除法将与文章不相干的A(1986’s工会鼎盛)，C(不关心工人福利)，D(未达成一致奋斗目标)选项排除掉。只有B项“工会经过多年(1869-1930)努力奋斗才改善了工人的工作条件”与文章内容一致。
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