首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
PASSAGE ONE (1) Cheating in sport is as old as sport itself. The athletes of ancient Greece used potions to fortify themsel
PASSAGE ONE (1) Cheating in sport is as old as sport itself. The athletes of ancient Greece used potions to fortify themsel
admin
2022-08-27
32
问题
PASSAGE ONE
(1) Cheating in sport is as old as sport itself. The athletes of ancient Greece used potions to fortify themselves before a contest, and their modern counterparts have everything from anabolic steroids and growth hormones to doses of extra red blood cells with which to invigorate their bodies. These days, however, such stimulants are frowned on, and those athletes must therefore run the gauntlet of organizations such as the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), which would rather that athletes competed without resorting to them.
(2) The agencies have had remarkable success. Testing for anabolic steroids (in other words, artificial testosterone) was introduced in the 1970s, and the incidence of cheating seems to have fallen dramatically as a result. The tests, however, are not foolproof. And a study just published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism by Jenny Jakobsson Schulze and her colleagues at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden suggests that an individual’s genetic make-up could confound them in two different ways. One genotype, to use the jargon, may allow athletes who use anabolic steroids to escape detection altogether Another may actually be convicting the innocent.
(3) The test usually employed for testosterone abuse relies on measuring the ratio of two chemicals found in the urine: testosterone glucuronide (TG) and epitestosterone glucuronide (EG). The former is produced when testosterone is broken down, while the latter is unrelated to testosterone metabolism, and can thus serve as a reference point for the test. Any ratio above four of the former to one of the latter is, according to official Olympic policy, considered suspicious and leads to more tests.
(4) However, the production of TG is controlled by an enzyme that is, in turn, encoded by a gene called UGT2B17. This gene comes in two varieties, one of which has a part missing and therefore does not work properly. A person may thus have none, one or two working copies of UGT2B17, since he inherits one copy from each parent. Dr. Schulze guessed that different numbers of working copies would produce different test results. She therefore gave healthy male volunteers whose genes had been examined a single 360mg shot of testosterone (the standard dose for legitimate medical use) and checked their urine to see whether the shot could be detected.
(5) The result was remarkable. Nearly half of the men who carried no functional copies of UGT2B17 would have gone undetected in the standard doping test. By contrast, 14% of those with two functional copies of the gene were over the detection threshold before they had even received an injection. The researchers estimate this would give a false-positive testing rate of 9% in a random population of young men.
(6) Dr. Schulze also says there is substantial ethnic variation in UGT2B17 genotypes. Two-thirds of Asians have no functional copies of the gene (which means they have a naturally low ratio of TG to EG), compared with under a tenth of Caucasians—something the anti-doping bodies may wish to take into account.
(7) In the meantime, Dr. Schulze’s study does seem to offer innocents a way of defending themselves. Athletes traveling to Beijing for the Olympic games may be wise to travel armed not only with courage and the "spirit of Olympianism", but also with a copy of their genetic profile, just in case.
The second paragraph implies that testing for anabolic steroids ______.
选项
A、is always accurate and reliable
B、is proved to be inaccurate
C、may sometimes show inaccuracy
D、has helped end doping in sport
答案
C
解析
根据题目直接定位到第2段。该段最后两句表明了合成类固醇检测产生的两个结果,体现了这种检测的不准确性,故C正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/6DnD777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
使用VC6打开考生文件夹下的工程test13_1,此工程包含一个源程序文件test13_1.cpp,但该程序运行有问题,请改正程序中的错误,使该程序的输出结果如下:n=2n=5n=7源程序文件test13_1清单如下:
使用VC6打开考生文件夹下的工程test16_1,此工程包含一个源程序文件test16_1.cpp,但该程序运行有问题,请改正程序中的错误,使程序的输出结果为:Whichact(aorb)?bact1act2Bact3
在Access数据库中使用向导创建查询,其数据可以来自( )。
检查软件产品是否符合需求定义的过程称为()。
财务部助理小王需要协助公司管理层制作本财年的年度报告,请你按照如下需求完成制作工作:为文档添加水印,水印文字为“机密”,并设置为斜式版式。
Ifyouarelooking【C1】________information,libraryshelvesareagoodplace【C2】________.Butifyouneedup-to-the-minutedatao
Howmanypeoplehavebeenaskedforasecondinterview?
HistoryofweatherforecastingEarlymethodsAlmanacsconnectedtheweatherwiththepositionsofdifferent【L31】________atp
PASSAGETHREEWhyisthetasteoftheEnglishinthecultivationoflandandinlandscapegardeningunrivaled?
PASSAGETWOWhatdoes"...butnowtheythinkitwasweirdthatweeverallowedcarstodrivethroughthereatall"meanin
随机试题
在我国,私人健身教练职业的兴起还不足()年,还是一个新兴的职业。
公司债务资本和权益资本之间应该有一个最优的比例,即()
TheInternetcanmakethenewsmoredemocratic,givingthepublicachancetoaskquestionsandseek【56】factsbehindstoriesand
Nowadays,peopleworklongerhoursthantheyusedto,butaretheyreallyworkingharderthaneverbefore?Apparently,manypeop
首届国际健康促进大会通过的《渥太华宣言》指出,健康促进的5个主要活动领域为
下列关于三部门宏观经济均衡条件的说法中,正确的是()。
金融市场最主要、最基本的功能是()。
税务机关依照法定的税种、税率对某企业征税,这一行为是()。
下面几种说法中,不正确的一项是:
以下命令中能够正确地画出矩形的是()。
最新回复
(
0
)