纸的发明对世界文化和国际交流是一个重大的贡献。最早的汉字是刻在动物的骨头或乌龟壳上的。战国时期(the Warring States Period),文字开始被刻在竹简(bamboo slips)上。然而,骨头、竹片和木头都非常重,不便于携带。到了西汉时期

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问题     纸的发明对世界文化和国际交流是一个重大的贡献。最早的汉字是刻在动物的骨头或乌龟壳上的。战国时期(the Warring States Period),文字开始被刻在竹简(bamboo slips)上。然而,骨头、竹片和木头都非常重,不便于携带。到了西汉时期,当时的贵族(noble caste)用的是丝绸或棉花做的薄纸。这种纸不仅便于书写,还特别适合作画。但是其造价太高,平民百姓根本承受不起。公元105年,东汉官员蔡伦在学习总结前人造纸方法的基础上发明了一种新型的低成本植物纤维(fiber)纸。

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答案 The invention of paper making is a great contribution to the world’s cultural development and international communication. The earliest Chinese characters were carved on animal’s bones or tortoise’s shells. During the Warring States Period, bamboo slips were used instead. However, bones, bamboo slips and woods were too heavy to carry. During the Western Han Dynasty, the noble caste wrote on thin paper made of silk or cotton. It’s easy to write and even excellent for painting on this kind of paper. However, it was so expensive that the civilians couldn’t afford. In 105 A. D. , Cai Lun, a high-ranking official in the Eastern Han Dynasty, learned from the old way of paper making and invented a new cheap plant fiber paper.

解析 1.第一句中,“对……是一个重大的贡献”翻译为a great contribution to…。
2.第二句中,“刻在……上”译为were carved on…。
3.第三句中,“文字开始被刻在竹简上”的句子结构和上一句相同,翻译时可以用instead代替相同的句子结构。
4.第四句中,“非常重,不便于携带”可以理解为“太重了以至于不能携带”,所以可使用too…to…句型。
5.最后一句中,“在学习总结……发明了”可以翻译为两个并列的谓语,即learned from和invented。
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