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  3. Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development) countries, in particular, how to

Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development) countries, in particular, how to

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问题     Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development) countries, in particular, how to pay for future public pension liabilities. And early retirement places an【C1】______burden on pension financing. There is no easy solution, but 【C2】______retirement could help.
    Early retirement may seem like a worthy individual goal, but it is a socially【C3】______one, and makes the present public pension system difficult to sustain for long. The【C4】______reason is that more people are retiring early and living longer. That means more retirees depending on the 【C5】______of those in work for their income. The【C6】______is worrying. In the next 50 years, low fertility rates and【C7】______life expectancy in OECD countries will cause this old-age dependency rate to roughly double【C8】______size. Public pension payments, which afford 30-80% of total retirement incomes in OECD countries, are【C9】______to rise, on average, by over three percentage points in GDP and by as much as eight percentage points in some countries.【C10】______is the pressure on pension funds that there is a danger of today’s workers not getting the pensions they expected or felt they【C11】______for.
    Action is needed,【C12】______simply aiming to reduce the【C13】______(and cost) of public pensions, or trying to【C14】______the role of privately funded pensions within the system, though necessary steps, may be【C15】______to deal with the dependency challenge. After years of【C16】______early retirement schemes to avoid【C17】______and higher unemployment, many governments are now looking【C18】______persuading people to stay in work until they are older. Surely, the thinking goes, if we are healthier now and jobs are physically less【C19】______and unemployment is down, then perhaps the【C20】______rate should rise anew.
【C13】
选项 A、multitude
B、implementation
C、application
D、generosity
答案D
解析 考查上下文语义及名词辨析。第二段末句提到“养老金的”压力太大了，第三段首句则提出“需要采取行动”。由此推出后面的内容应围绕如何减压展开讨论。D．generosity“慷慨”，代入句中，表示“现在的养老金支出过于慷慨，需要减少”，符合文意，故答案为D。multitude与reduce搭配，意为“减小…的数量”，不符合文意；implementation“实施，执行”，通常不直接做reduce的宾语；application“申请”后面应接介词for，三项均不符合题意。
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