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  3. [A] For crowdfunding to work, the project needs to capture the public imagination. And not all academics are comfortable with

[A] For crowdfunding to work, the project needs to capture the public imagination. And not all academics are comfortable with

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问题     [A]   For crowdfunding to work, the project needs to capture the public imagination. And not all academics are comfortable with self-promotion. But with academics under increasing pressure to show how they are engaging the public with their work, crowdfunding certainly ticks the right boxes. Petts worked with the crowdfunding platform Dig Ventures, which refers to its work as "citizen science". He was joined by some of his backers on the Lindisfarne dig and shared finds online, in real time. "You couldn’t get a better example of public engagement," he says.
    [B]  But it’s early days and difficult to predict the scale and impact of crowdfunding campaigns for academic research, says Cox. In most cases, the amounts involved are minuscule compared with what the big research councils are offering and involve mainstream crowdfunding platforms such as Kickstarter and Indiegogo rather than specialists such as CrowdScience and DigVentures, which take a cut of the money raised. And there is certainly some way to go before crowdfunding can begin to replace the S5bn the UK government has set aside in the budget for this year.
    [C]  When Professor Dave Goulson decided to study the impact of pesticides on bees, he didn’t rate his chances of getting funding from one of the big research councils. Instead he turned to the public, raising almost ￡8,000 through crowdfunding. Archaeologist Dr David Petts, from Durham University, has also used crowdfunding, raising almost &25,000 to fund a project on Lindisfarne, off the Northumberland coast.
    [D]  But while such projects capture the public imagination, are they as credible as other academic studies? As Sarah Main, director of the UK’s Campaign for Science and Engineering says, putting together a proposal to attract the public may not be as "scientifically robust" as an application to a panel of experts. Not necessarily, says Joe Cox, senior lecturer at the University of Portsmouth’s business school, who has researched the motivations behind crowdfunding. He points to a study by the US academic Ethan Mollick of decisions by a panel of judges from research councils, versus the public, and found "a remarkable degree of similarity" in their decision-making.
    [E]   Squeezed research budgets led both researchers to crowdfunding, which uses the internet to find individuals and organisations to pledge money for specific projects. "It’s increasingly hard to get money from traditional funding bodies, particularly the smaller pots of money," says Petts. And research councils are increasingly risk-averse, he adds. "They’re not comfortable with funding where it’s not clear whether you’ll get a result."
    [F]   As it stands, crowdfunding may be best used to test early-stage research. "If you’re successful in raising money via this mechanism and you’ve got a ready-made group of people who are interested in funding your work," says Cox. "That’s a fantastic starting point." But after Brexit, if academics lose European research funding, crowdfunding could come into its own.
    [G]  While crowdfunding may be quick "it isn’t money for nothing", as Petts points out. Most academics need to offer incentives to backers and also have to push their project hard on social media. And while "writing half a page of text, making a video and doing some tweeting" is more fun than submitting a formal research bid, it is still time-consuming, says Goulson. While his efforts on social media attracted support from big environmental organisations, he spent as much time on his crowdfunding project as he would have on a formal research bid.
    【D11】 → 【D12】 → G → 【D13】 → D → 【D14】 → 【D15】
【D11】
选项
答案C
解析 此处是第一段，文章首段通常介绍或引出全文主题。大致浏览各段后。发现文中多次出现crowdfunding一词，推测文章主题应与“众筹”相关。G和D的位置已给出，无需考虑。B和F分别以But和As it stands开头，都不可能是首段。A分析的是众筹取得成功的关键，属于众筹的具体方面，故A也不可能是首段。E首句出现了both researchers，说明上文应谈及both researchers指代的对象，故E也不可能是首段。C通过两位学者运用众筹筹集研究资金的例子，引出“科研众筹”这一主题．适合作为文章首段。此外，C对两位学者均作了介绍，英语文章中通常会在人物第一次出现时对其作出简单的介绍，由此也可判断出现这两位学者名字的其他段落都应该在C之后。故本题选C。
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