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  3. Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of Gallileo’s 17th-century trial for his rebell

Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of Gallileo’s 17th-century trial for his rebell

admin2008-12-26  101
问题     Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of Gallileo’s 17th-century trial for his rebelling brief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blake’s harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton The schism between science and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century.
    Until recently, the scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics—but no longer. As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked "antiscience" in several books, notably Higher Superstition, by Paul R. Gross, a biologist at the University of Virginia, and Norman Levitt, a mathematician at Rutgers University; and The Demon-Haunted World, by Carl Sagan of Cornell University.
    Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as "The Flight from Science and Reason, "held in New York City in 1995, and "Science in the Age of (Mis)information", which assembled last June near Buffalo.
    Antiscience clearly means different things to different people. Gross and Levitt find fault primarily with sociologists, philosophers and other academies who have questioned science’s objectivity, Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview,
    A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated the creased funding for basic research.
    Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, whose manifesto, published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pre-technological utopia. But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are anti-science, as an essay in U.S. News & World Report last May seemed to suggest.
    The environmentalists, inevitably, respond to such critics. The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrtich of Stan ford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warning, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.
    Indeed, some observers fear that the antiscience epithet is in danger of becoming meaningless. "The term ’antiscience’ can lump together too many, quite different things, "notes Harvard University philosopher Gerald Holton in his 1993 work Science and Anti-Science". They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard them-selves as more enlightened".
选项 A、confrontation
B、dissatisfaction
C、separation
D、contempt
答案C
解析 schism一词的含义须根据上下文的意思来判断。短文开头作者提到：科学与文化的其它方面存在着极不和谐的关系。在随后的几个段落中，我们又看到，自然科学与人文科学之间的分歧不但没有消除，反而更加严重，以至于分裂成科学与反科学两大阵营。由此可以推断，文章首段第四行中的"schism"一词应理解为"不和"或"分裂"，故选择项"separation"为正确答案。其它选项"对抗"，"不满"，"藐视"均不合题意。
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