首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The learning paradox is at the heart of "productive failure, " a phenomenon identified by Manu Kapur, a researcher at the Learni
The learning paradox is at the heart of "productive failure, " a phenomenon identified by Manu Kapur, a researcher at the Learni
admin
2016-10-24
71
问题
The learning paradox is at the heart of "productive failure, " a phenomenon identified by Manu Kapur, a researcher at the Learning Sciences Lab at the National Institute of Education of Singapore. Kapur points out that while the model adopted by many teachers and employers when introducing others to new knowledge—providing lots of structure and guidance early on, until the students or workers show that they can do it on their own — makes intuitive sense, it may not be the best way to promote learning. Rather, it’s better to let the neophytes wrestle with the material on their own for a while, refraining from giving them any assistance at the start. In a paper published earlier this year in The Journal of the Learning Sciences , Kapur and a co-author, Katerine Bielaczyc, applied the principle of productive failure to mathematical problem solving in three schools in Singapore.
With one group of students, the teacher provided strong "scaffolding"—instructional support—and feedback. With the teacher’s help, these pupils were able to find the answers to their set of problems. Meanwhile, a second group was directed to solve the same problems by collaborating with one another, absent any prompts from their instructor. These students weren’t able to complete the problems correctly. But in the course of trying to do so, they generated a lot of ideas about the nature of the problems and about what potential solutions would look like. And when the two groups were tested on what they’d learned, the second group "significantly outperformed" the first.
The apparent struggles of the floundering group have what Kapur calls a "hidden efficacy": they lead people to understand the deep structure of problems, not simply their correct solutions. When these students encounter a new problem of the same type on a test, they’re able to transfer the knowledge they’ve gathered more effectively than those who were the passive recipients of someone else’s expertise.
In the real world, problems rarely come neatly packaged, so being able to discern their deep structure is a key. But, Kapur notes, none of us like to fail, no matter how often Silicon Valley entrepreneurs praise the salutary effects of an idea that flops or a start-up that crashes and burns. So, he says, we need to "design for productive failure" by building it into the learning process. Kapur has identified three conditions that promote this kind of beneficial struggle. First, choose problems to work on that "challenge hut do not frustrate." Second, provide learners with opportunities to explain and elaborate on what they’re doing. Third, give learners the chance to compare and contrast good and bad solutions to the problems. And to those students and workers who protest this tough-love teaching style: you’ll thank me later.
As the learning paradox has it, the more you struggle and even fail while you’re trying to obtain new information,
选项
A、the more likely you are to recall and apply that information
B、the better solutions you will seek to complete the problems
C、the less likely you are to refrain from giving people assistance
D、the worse situation you will leave yourself in the real world
答案
B
解析
学习是一件自相矛盾的事,获取新知识的过程中,越是拼搏,越是失败,你越发寻求更好的答案去解决问题。作者在第四段举了两个例子,答案B的观点跟第二个例子是一致的。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/83GO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Schoolbuildingsthemselvescanreflectliberalorconservativeviewsaboutwhatshouldgooninaclassroom.Theearliestschoo
Thepoliceareinvestigatinghow$20millionwasillegally______outofthebankaccount.
Chooseoneappropriatewordfromthefollowingwordbanktofillintheblanksnumberedfrom1to15inthepassagebelow.Chang
Chooseoneappropriatewordfromthefollowingwordbanktofillintheblanksnumberedfrom1to15inthepassagebelow.Chang
Theteachertriedtoexplaintheproblem,buttheexplanationdidnot______.
Zoologistsobservethewayanimals______withoneanotherandtheirenvironment.
Asregardstothedevelopmentofmoralstandardsinthegrowingchild,______isveryimportantinparentalteaching.Toforbid
73.5percentofmajorU.S.firmsreportthattheyrecordandreviewtheiremployees’communicationsandactivitiesonthejob.
Sofar,thepolicecanonly______onthepossiblemotivesforthekilling.
OnthemorningofSeptember11th,IboardedthetrainfromWashingtonHeightsinUpperManhattanjustasusualandwenttotheB
随机试题
金边债券的特点是()
碳酸氢钠溶液煮沸灭菌时,其煮沸时间一般
A公司为一上市公司。2013年1月1日,公司向其100名管理人员每人授予100份股票期权,这些职员从2013年1月1日起在该公司连续服务3年,即可以5元每股购买100股A公司股票,从而获益。公司估计该期权在授予日的公允价值为30元。至2015年12月31日
某公司以服装加工为主要业务,根据市场行情和自身情况,年初该公司决定实行成本领先的战略。人力资源部在各项工作中贯彻组织的战略,职位设计时,在一个职位的工作内容包括范围非常狭窄的简单的工作任务,员工完成这些任务所要求的技能范围非常有限。人员招募和甄选时,工作开
外汇既包括外国货币,也包括外币有价证券。()
铁路运输中,整车或整批托运时,对轻浮货物体积限定为三个标准:60立方米、95立方米、125立方米。()
简述制定具体人力资源管理制度的程序。
“没有动手做”而应用探究方法的探究是()。
以下不属于影响光电二极管响应时间的因素是()。
某软件项目的活动图如下图所示,其中顶点表示项目里程碑,连接顶点的边表示包含的活动,边上的数字表示该活动所需的天数,则完成该项目的最少时间为___________(6)天。活动BD最多可以晚___________(7)天开始而不会影响整个项目的进度。(
最新回复
(
0
)