2. 医学
  3. In this part there is an essay in Chinese. Read it carefully and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEE

In this part there is an essay in Chinese. Read it carefully and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEE

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问题 In this part there is an essay in Chinese. Read it carefully and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that your summary covers the major points of the passage.
                    浅论中医学健康教育与预防保健
    中医学健康教育的主要内容包括调摄精神、注意饮食起居、重视锻炼身体、药物预防疾病以及保持环境卫生和个人卫生等。随着我国人口老龄化进程的加速，疾病谱的不断变化，中医学健康教育在现代生活中，发挥着越来越重要的作用，有着积极的现实意义。
    1．调摄精神，强调精神因素与社会因素对健康的影响
    中医学认为，真精元气为生命始生之物质，精神、意志是人的根本。人的精神情志活动与人体的生理、病理变化有密切的关系。现代医学认为，精神因素和社会因素在疾病的发生、发展中起着重要作用。随着社会生活节奏的加快，工作压力的加剧，人们的情绪经常处于紧张之中，许多人出现失眠、健忘等神经衰弱症状，甚至导致精神障碍。
    2．加强锻炼，合理运动
    我国提倡仿生医疗体操的历史十分久远，在长沙马王堆三号汉墓出土的文物里，就有描绘各种导引动作的帛画《导引图》；汉代的华佗创造了“五禽戏”，即模仿五种动物的姿态来锻炼身体；唐代的孙思邈提出“每日必须调气补泄，按摩导引为佳”，其长寿的奥秘是“四体勤奋，每天劳动”。此外，后世不断演变的太极拳、鹤翔桩、易筋经、八段锦等多种健身方法，不仅能增强体质，还能预防疾病的发生。现代医学认为，适量、持久、合理的运动，对人体各系统和器官以及精神和智能，都有着良好的促进作用。
    3．饮食起居要有规律，避免劳逸过度
    《素问•上古天真论》指出能适应自然变化的规律，并对饮食、起居、劳逸作出适当的安排的人，可益寿延年。倘“以酒为浆，以妄为常，醉以入房，以欲竭其精，以耗散其精，不知持满，不时御神，务快其心，逆生于乐，起居无节”，必会“半百而衰也”。现代医学研究表明，许多慢性病的发生与不良的生活方式有密切的关系。如吸烟可引发肺癌、支气管炎、肺气肿、心脏病、消化道溃疡；酗酒可致酒精性肝硬化、恶性肿瘤，并可构成严重的社会问题；食用过多的脂肪、蛋白质、糖或维生素及微量元素缺乏，可引发糖尿病、高血压、冠心病、结肠癌、肥胖症等。
    4．预防疾病
    我国古代人民早就对传染病提出了相应的预防措施。李时珍在《本草纲目》中提出：“天行瘟疫，取初病衣服，于曾瓦上蒸过，则一家不染。”罗世瑶在《行军方便便方》中写道：将初病疫气人贴肉布衫，于蒸笼内蒸一炷香久，则全军不染。”唐代对麻风病人已设有“疠人坊”，“收养疠疾，男女别坊，四时供承，务令周给。”清代曾制定了将患天花病者迁移隔离的规定，并设置“查痘章京”之官职以管理此事。近年来，人们运用中草药预防某些疾病也取得了较好的效果，如用板蓝根及大青叶预防流感，用茵陈、栀子预防肝炎等。
    5．保持环境卫生和个人卫生
    生活环境的质量和人的健康息息相关。在夏商，我国劳动人民已知凿井而饮；在殷墟遗址中发现住房附近有排泄废水的水沟；在周代已知通过除害来改善环境卫生；到秦代时，都市已有了下水道、公厕、洒水车等。特别是唐代以来，用开水泡茶之风逐渐盛行，对减少传染病的传播起到了良好的作用。我国古代即养成早晨“盥洗”的好习惯。
    综上所述，积极开发中医资源及中医学中朴素的健康教育思想，使其在新的历史时期，为人类的健康发挥积极作用，是十分必要的。
选项
答案 Health Education and Health Care in Traditional Chinese Medicine With the speedup of aging population and constant changes of disease spectrum, health education of traditional Chinese Medicine are playing an increasingly important role in modern life. Firstly, traditional Chinese Medicine admits a close relationship between humans’ mental activities and their physiological and pathological responses. Modern medical science also holds that mental and social factors are having considerable effect both on the original contraction and on the later development of diseases. Secondly, our culture has a long history of medical gymnastics which can not only build up the body but also help to prevent diseases. Not coincidently, modern medical science thinks highly of moderate, continuous and proper physical exercises. Thirdly, traditional medical book tells us to bite and sup moderately, to work and play properly so as to prolong our lives. And modern science has proved that many chronic diseases do result from bad life style. Fourthly, our ancient people have come up with various preventive measures against infectious diseases. In recent years, herbal medicine had proved effective in preventing certain diseases. Last but not least, it’ s been agreed that quality of environment is closely related to health. As early as in the Tang dynasty, making tea in boiling water has gradually caught on, which reduces the chance of epidemic diseases.
解析
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