2. 财经
  3. We have known for a long time that the organization of any particular society is influenced by the definition of the sexes and t

We have known for a long time that the organization of any particular society is influenced by the definition of the sexes and t

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问题 We have known for a long time that the organization of any particular society is influenced by the definition of the sexes and the distinction drawn between them．But we have realized only recently that the identity of each sex is not so easy to pin down，and that definitions evolve in accordance with different types of culture known to us，that is，scientific discoveries and I deological revolutions．
Our nature is not considered as immutable，either socially or biologically．As we approach the beginning of the 21st century，the substantial progress made in biology and genetics is radically challenging the roles，responsilities and specific characteristics at tributed to each sex，and yet，scarcely twenty years ago，these were thought to be”beyond dispute”． We can safely say，with a few minor exceptions，that the definition of the sexes and their respective functions remained unchanged in the West from the beginning of the 19th century to the 1960s．
The role distinction，raised in some cases to the status of uncompromising dualism on a strongly hierarchical model，lasted throughout this period，appealing for its justification to nature，religion and customs alleged to have existed since the dawn of time．The woman bore children and took care of the home．The man set out to conquer the world and was re sponsible for the survival of his family，by satisfying their needs in peacetime and going to war when necessary．
The entire world order rested on the divergence of the sexes．Any overlapping or confusion between the roles was seen as a threat to the time—honored order of things．
It was felt to be against nature，a deviation from the norm． Sex roles were determined according to the”place”appropriate to each．Women’s place was，first and foremost，in the home．The outside world，i．e．workshops，factories and business firms，belonged to men．This sex-based division of the world(private and public)gave rise to a strict dichotomy between the attitudes，which conferred on each its special identity．The woman，sequestered at home，”cared，nurtured and conserved”．To do this，she had no need to be daring，ambitious，tough or competitive．
The man，on the other hand，competing with his fellow men，was caught up every day in the struggle for survival，and hence developed those characteristics which were thought natural in a man．
Today，many women go out to work，and their reasons for doing so have changed eonsiderably．Besides the traditional financial incentives，we find ambition and personal fulfillment motivating those in the most favorable circumstances，and the wish to have a sociallire and to get out of their domestic isolation influencing others．Above all，for all women，work．is invariably connected with the desire for independence．
The author believes that sex diserimination in the West before the 1960s was______．
选项 A、preferable
B、prevalent
C、presumable
D、precedent
答案B
解析 细节归纳题。本题问：作者认为，20世纪60年代以前西方的性别歧视状况如何?第2段一开头作者写道：“我们可以有把握地说，除了个别例外，从19世纪初到20世纪60年代，对男女性别的定义和他们各自的作用一直没有变化。”接着，作者对此进行了阐述，最后说，“妇女在家生儿育女。男子外出谋生养家，恪守职责，和平时期，以付家需，战争时期，奔赴疆场。”综上所述，男女并不平等。可见，20世纪60年代以前西方的性别歧视普遍存在。故应选Bprevalent(普遍存在的；盛行的；流行的)。preferablc更可取的；presumable可假设的；precedent先前的；均不合题意。
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