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  3. How many Facebook Mends do you have? For some, the answer can be a signal of social success, and the numbers claimed can be enor

How many Facebook Mends do you have? For some, the answer can be a signal of social success, and the numbers claimed can be enor

admin2019-08-08  25
问题    How many Facebook Mends do you have? For some, the answer can be a signal of social success, and the numbers claimed can be enormous: Facebook permits 5,000 of them (though these might include products and companies as well as people). But Robin Dunbar, a psychologist at Oxford University, has long reckoned that claims of vast numbers of Facebook friends do not say much about actual human relationships.
   Dr. Dunbar is the originator of Dunbar’s number, a rough measure of the number of stable relationships that individuals can maintain. He found a correlation between the average size of each species’s neocortex (a recently evolved part of the brain) and that of their social groups. 【F1】Deducing the results to humans, he reckoned, meant they should have social circles—of close friends and relatives, and frequently seen acquaintances—of about 150 people.
   Things have changed a bit since Neolithic and Roman times, though, and many wonder what effects modem technology might have on the size of such circles. 【F2】Perhaps there is indeed a cognitive limit, imposed by the brain’s internal architecture, on how large a social structure can be maintained. But there may also be another limit: time. Mamtaining 150 friendships face-to-face consumes a lot of that. Gathering together many times this number of connections online, though, is an easy thing.
   Previous attempts to decide between these possibilities have tended to come down on the cognitive-limit side of the fence. 【F3】But they have been criticized for looking at unrepresentative groups of people: students (inevitably), scientists and particularly heavy users of social networks. The latest try, in which Dr. Dunbar carried on a survey organized by a biscuit-maker, has overcome that. It is the first national-scale, randomly sampled study to investigate the matter.
   【F4】The survey asked 2,000 people, chosen because they were regular social-network users, and a further 1,375 adults in full-time employment who might or might not have been such users, how many friends they had on Facebook. The results showed, to no surprise whatsoever on the part of Dr. Dunbar, that the average number in the two groups were Dunbar-sized numbers: 155 and (when those who did not use Facebook at all were excluded) 187, respectively.
   【F5】These results, then, confirm that what constrains an individual’s number of friends is neurological. Even though social networks could help people handle far more social interactions than Dunbar’s number describes, it seems the human brain simply cannot keep up.
【F4】
选项
答案这次调查询问了调查对象在“脸书”上有多少好友，其中2000名调查对象经常使用社交网络，另外1375名调查对象则是有全职工作的成年人——他们可能是社交网络使用者，也有可能不是。
解析 ①本句为主从复合句。主句为“主谓双宾”句型。间接宾语是2,000 people and a further 1,375 adults，其后都带有较长的修饰成分。直接宾语是由how many连接的从旬充当。句子还包含一个原因状语从句和一个定语从句。②现在分词短语chosen…social-network users修饰前面的2,000 people，说明2,000个人被选取参与调查的原因。③who引导的定语从句修饰的是a further 1,375 adults，说明这1375名成年人可能是社交网络使用者，也有可能不是。
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