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  3. If culture is learned, there must be channels of transmission. This is the task of agents of socialization people and organizati

If culture is learned, there must be channels of transmission. This is the task of agents of socialization people and organizati

admin2013-07-02  100
问题     If culture is learned, there must be channels of transmission. This is the task of agents of socialization people and organizations charged with conveying the rules. Chief among these are parents, peers, teachers, the media, and religious authorities.
    The first and most important agent of socialization is those who care for infants. In the earliest months,messages from nur-turers constitute the child’s basic understanding of the world around it. This is the infant’s first introduction to the language that shapes perception and elicits emotions. What the child learns is the culture as mediated through others. A desire for continued interaction with the nurturers, combined with a fear of losing these sources of pleasure, motivates the infant to become sensitive to the cues of those entrusted with its care.
    Another powerful source of information and socialization is the friendship group of age peers. Peers are equals, whereas parents are superiors in relation to the child. The greater power of parents makes some kinds of learning difficult. A distance and formality must be observed even in the most indulgent homes. Peers, on the other hand, are those one can deal with on the same level as oneself: tease, insult, let imagination loose upon, share dreadful mistakes with, and so on, but without the heavy emotional overlay of family relationship.
    Much formal socialization is placed in the hands of professionals. Teachers from kindergarten are specifically designated agents of socialization, and are paid for the task. Ideally, a teacher is one who has both knowledge and the skills to present it.
    In an earlier time,parents,friends,and teachers would comprise the list of primary childhood socializers. Children’s books, comics, and magazines might also have been mentioned as sources of information on norms and role models. Today one must add four powerful indirect socialization agents: radio, movie, television and computer. Many people learn about politics, form a vision of the good life,and develop attitudes toward others from what they see on the screen and hear through loudspeakers.
Some kind of knowledge cannot be learned from parents because ______. (  )
选项 A、there is the heavy emotional overlay of family relationships
B、children are not regarded as equals
C、children are not allowed to make mistakes
D、they have too many age peers
答案B
解析 因果关系题。文章第三段的第二行中说道：Peers are equals，whereas parents are superiors in relation to the child．The greater power of parents makes some kinds of learning difficult．伙伴之间是平等的，而父母通常会凌驾于孩子之上。父母的这种权威性会成为孩子学习的阻碍。
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