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  3. To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates e

To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates e

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问题     To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates every action he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to follow is ignored while he takes over contrary patterns from some other examples. Therefore we must turn to a more subtle theory than "Monkey see, monkey do".
    Look at it from the child’s point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show what to do.
    There is a second element at work in this situation. The child may be able to attain his immediate goal only to find that his method brings criticism from people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is told emphatically that such a racket is unpleasant, and that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus, the desire to solve any objective situation is overlaid with the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and approval when his parents like his response. Then other adults reward some actions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must adopt responses his social group approves.
    In finding trial responses, the learner does not choose models at random. He imitates the person who seems a good person to be like, rather than a person whose social status he wishes to avoid. If the pupil wants to be a good violinist, he will observe and try to copy the techniques of capable players; while some other people may most influence his approach to books.
    Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole, and he becomes an identifying figure. We use some people as models over a wide range of situations, imitating much that they do. We learn that they are dependable and rewarding models because imitating them leads to success.
According to the third paragraph, besides achieving his goals, a child should also learn to________.
选项 A、attain his desired results as soon as possible
B、show his love for his parents and friends
C、talk in a low voice
D、behave properly
答案D
解析 本题关键词是goals和a child，问题是：除了实现目标，一个孩子也要学会做什么?根据题目可以直接定位到原文第三段。根据第三段第二句，孩子也许能够实现他的当前目标(attain his immediate goal)，到头来却发现他的这种做法会遭到其监护人的批评。接着通过举例说明孩子举止不当时，会受到批评。最后第七句表明如果一个人想要获得他人的支持和保持自尊，就必须采取其所处的社会团体认同的反应 (adopt responses his social group approves)，即做出恰当的行为(behave properly)，故选项D与原文含义相同，是正确选项。选项A属于正反混淆，因为题干明确指出“除了实现目标”，即除了达到想要的结果(attain his desired results)。选项B属于无中生有，第三段内容并未明确表示要表达对父母和朋友的爱。选项C属于以偏概全，“小声说出传话的内容(say his say quietly)”仅是第三段第三句中的一个例子，不能全面概括第三段的内容。第三段：一个人若要获得他人的支持和保持自尊，就必须采取社会团体认同的反应。
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