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  3. Economics can render service in the area of exchange, but its tools find less purpose when applied to paradigms dominated

Economics can render service in the area of exchange, but its tools find less purpose when applied to paradigms dominated

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问题              Economics can render service in the area of exchange, but its tools find less
       purpose when applied to paradigms dominated by alternative models of
       transactions and social relationships. In small groups gift-giving is substituted
Line    for the role of exchange, which entails obligation: people receiving gifts are
(5)     expected to reciprocate in the future and this reciprocity binds small groups
       together, whereas exchange rarely does so. Two people exchange only when
       both benefit, neither incurring a social obligation as a result, and where social
       obligations exist, exchange may not work well. Exchange nevertheless allows
       for extremely complex interactions among strangers: when employing a
(10)    product, a consumer benefits from the efforts of hundreds of anonymous people
       who have contributed to that commodity. Such analysis also has its limits in the
       case of an area such as government, for economics seeks regularities in social
       life, which are more likely to occur when no one individual has an appreciable
       effect on the group.
According to the passage, the dynamics of small group economies differ from those of large group economies in that
选项 A、the members of small groups tend to have a greater degree of social regularity than the members of large groups
B、people in small groups carry an advantage in the arena of exchange because they are tied by social obligation
C、the manufacturer of a commodity in a small group economy is more likely to be known by the members of the group
D、the people who contribute to the production of a gift are less essential to small groups than those who exchange commodities are in large groups
E、a system of social obligation diminishes the number of parties necessary to a gift-giving transaction
答案E
解析
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