首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
(1)An American survey has shown that each year every employed person loses three to four working days from colds and allied comp
(1)An American survey has shown that each year every employed person loses three to four working days from colds and allied comp
admin
2017-06-21
132
问题
(1)An American survey has shown that each year every employed person loses three to four working days from colds and allied complaints, and every school child loses five to six days of schooling. Colds waste more time than strikes. The conquest of the common cold is therefore a thoroughly worthwhile ambition.
(2)In 1961, Sir Christopher Andrewes found that the great killing infections like syphilis or poliomyelitis are each caused by one specific micro-organism, or, at worst, a small group of closely related parasites. By contrast it has slowly become apparent that the common cold is not a disease but a large group of similar diseases, caused possibly, by anything between fifty and one hundred different organisms.
(3)Much of Sir Christopher’s book is taken up by an account of the struggle to identify, the germs which do cause colds. At first it was thought that bacteria were responsible because certain bacteria are commonly found in the noses and throats of cold victims. But Dr. W. Kruse of the Hygienic Institute of the University of Leipzig in 1914 provided the first evidence that a virus might be concerned by launching experimental infections.
(4)Since that time thousands of volunteers have subjected themselves to similar experimental infections, and for early twenty years most of such work has been done at Salisbury where the guinea pigs are rewarded by a ten-day holiday, all found that this "clumsy, expensive and unreliable" use of human volunteers was necessary because for a long time chimpanzees were the only other animals known to be susceptible to infection by common cold germs, and chimpanzees were far too expensive and unruly for routine use.
(5)Growing cold viruses in the laboratory also proved difficult until one of the men involved demonstrated his possession of that most precious scientific faculty-serendipity.
(6)Cold viruses were being grown with only moderate success in laboratory cultures of lung tissue from human embryos. The lung tissue cultures were kept alive by a salt solution containing added vitamins and a number of other ingredients. One day at Salisbury Dr. David Tyrrell found that this salt solution was faulty, and in order to keep his tissue cultures going he hastily borrowed a supply from another laboratory. When the imported solution was added to tissue cultures infected with cold viruses the lung tissue cells began to degenerate in a manner typical of tissues parasitized by active viral particles.
(7)Dr. Tyrrell soon discovered that the borrowed fluid provided a more acid medium in his culture tubes than that produced by the native Salisbury brew. The nose provides a slightly acid environment, and Dr. Tyrrell realized that a degree of acidity was just what nose-inhabiting viruses needed in order to thrive outside the body. Thus a happy accident enabled a perspicacious scientist to modify the cold virus culture technique and thenceforward the whole exercise proved far easier and more profitable.
(8)Much of common cold folklore is demolished. Draughts, chilling and wet feet do not bring colds on, says Sir Christopher, and clean, healthy living with lots of fresh air, plenty of exercise, good, plain food and a cold bath every morning may be good for the soul and the waistline, but does nothing to keep cold viruses at bay.
(9)Colds are not very infectious — which will surprise most of us — so there is really no excuse for staying away from work when you have one. All the remedies so far invented have one thing in common — they are useless. In temperate countries, colds are commoner during the winter, but what the "winter factor" is which brings them on remains unknown. Most of us harbour cold viruses in our noses throughout the year, and many colds are probably not "caught" at all, but start because somehow the resident viruses become activated from time to time.
(10)To write a book about colds at this stage, says Sir Christopher, is rather like writing a review of a play in the middle of the first act. Since he wrote those words, workers at Salisbury have announced the production of the first cold vaccine which will protect against infection by one particular cold virus. Unfortunately there are very many cold viruses and complete immunity from colds by vaccination would require the administration of a separate vaccine for every virus in the book.
The passage stresses that Dr. Tyrrell discovered how to
选项
A、prevent colds in most circumstances.
B、create colds artificially more effectively.
C、prove that draughts and wet feet do not prevent colds.
D、show that colds are not very infectious.
答案
B
解析
细节推断题。根据Dr.Tyrrell定位到第7段。由上题可知,他的研究成果都是有益于人工培养感冒细菌的,故B项“更有效地人工培养感冒”为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/8jsK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
DavidCameronhasnoticedthathealthandsafetyregulationsstopschoolstakingchildrenoutonfieldtrips,outdooractivitie
Thegovernment’scontinuingfailuretoaddressournation’sgut-wrenchingunemploymentstemsfromafundamentaldisagreemento
ForadevelopingcountrylikeIndiawhoseecologicalandsocio-economicsystemsarealreadyunderpressurefromrapidurbaniza
Bodylanguageisnotlanguageinthestrictsenseofthewordlanguage:itisinfact,abroadtermforformsofcommunication
We’reallbornwithaninnatenumbersense—thatseeminglyeffortlessknacktoroughlyestimateandcomparequantitieswithoutco
A、Storiesfromonlinedailynews.B、Waystotreatadisease.C、Waystoovercomebacterialresistance.D、Theavoidanceoftaking
Allsocialunitsdevelopaculture.Evenintwo-personrelationshipsaculturedevelopsintime.Infriendshipandromanticrela
Freud’smostfamouspupilisCarlGustavJung,aSwissphysician,psychiatrist,philosopherandpsychologist.SelectingJungas
A、Choosingsimplethings.B、Avoidingonlineshopping.C、Shoppingonline.D、Gettingfreegifts.C根据原文dosomethingreallysimplel
PASSAGEFIVEWhyisthereanactivegroupofenergytradersinHouston?
随机试题
___________存储有关应用的设计模板信息的幻灯片,包括字形、占位符大小或位置、背景设计和配色方案。
可引起流泪的疾病有
根据国家现行有关规定,下列关于建设项目开工的表述中,正确的是( )。
检验批及分项工程应由()组织施工单位项目专业质量(技术)负责人等进行验收。
定期存款属于()货币层次。
某商业银行大量卖出公司债券、买入国债,此举可以有效()。
2009年10月6日,诺贝尔奖评审委员会宣布,因对光纤通讯研究有重大贡献,()与美国科学家史密斯和博伊尔分享2009年的诺贝尔物理学奖。
20世纪70年代,在世界新发现的大油田中,海上油田有31个,约占51.7%。在新增加的地质储量中,海洋占42%。海上钻井平台总数为7021座,其中美国有1079座,委内瑞拉有5033座,苏联有840座。1977年,近海油田有500个,产量4.6亿吨,占世界
某县人民法院审理一民事案件过程中,要求县移动通信营业部提供某通信用户的电话详单。根据我国宪法规定,下列说法何者为正确?
在日本,提出废除中央集权制,实行地方分权;采用六三三四制,义务教育年限由六年延长到九年;男女儿童教育机会均等,一律实行男女同校制的是()
最新回复
(
0
)