首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Most recent work on the history of leisure in Europe has been based on the central hypothesis of a fundamental discontinuity bet
Most recent work on the history of leisure in Europe has been based on the central hypothesis of a fundamental discontinuity bet
admin
2015-06-25
77
问题
Most recent work on the history of leisure in Europe has been based on the central hypothesis of a fundamental discontinuity between preindustrial and industrial societies. According to this view, the modern idea of leisure did not exist in medieval and early modern Europe: the modern distinction between the categories of work and leisure was a product of industrial capitalism. Preindustrial societies had festivals(together with informal and irregular breaks from work), while industrial societies have leisure in the form of weekends and vacations. The emergence of leisure is therefore part of the process of modernization. If this theory is correct, there is what Michel Foucault called a conceptual rupture between the two periods, and so the very idea of a history of leisure before the Industrial Revolution is an anachronism.
To reject the idea that leisure has had a continuous history from the Middle Ages to the present is not to deny that late medieval and early modern Europeans engaged in many pursuits that are now commonly considered leisure or sporting activities— jousting, hunting, tennis, card playing, travel, and so on—or that Europe in this period was dominated by a privileged class that engaged in these pursuits. What is involved in the discontinuity hypothesis is the recognition that the people of the Middle Ages and early modern Europe did not regard as belonging to a common category activities(hunting and gambling, for example)that are usually classified together today under the heading of leisure. Consider fencing: today it maybe considered a "sport," but for the gentleman of the Renaissance it was an art or science. Conversely, activities that today may be considered serious, notably warfare, were often described as pastimes.
Serious pitfalls therefore confront historians of leisure who assume continuity and who work with the modern concepts of leisure and sport, projecting them back onto the past without asking about the meanings contemporaries gave to their activities. However, the discontinuity hypothesis can pose problems of its own. Historians holding this view attempt to avoid anachronism by means of a simple dichotomy, cutting European history into two eras, preindustrial and industrial, setting up the binary opposition between a "festival culture" and a "leisure culture." The dichotomy remains of use insofar as it reminds us that the rise of industrial capitalism was not purely a phenomenon of economic history, but had social and cultural preconditions and consequences. The dichotomy, however, leads to distortions when it reduces a great variety of medieval and early modern European ideas, assumptions, and practices to the simple formula implied by the phrase "festival culture."
The author of the passage asserts that the "dichotomy"(line 26)can lead to which of the following?
选项
A、Reliance on only one of several equally valid theoretical approaches
B、The imposition of modern conceptions and meanings on past societies
C、Failure to take into account the complexity of certain features of European culture
D、Failure to utilize new conceptual categories in the study of the history of leisure
E、Failure to take account of the distinction between preindustrial and industrial societies
答案
C
解析
The word "dichotomy" appears only in the last paragraph of the passage. One of the key claims there is that the dichotomy "reduces a great variety... to the simple formula"(lines 31-33). Therefore Choice C is correct.
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/8ujO777K
本试题收录于:
GRE VERBAL题库GRE分类
0
GRE VERBAL
GRE
相关试题推荐
Normallyastudentmustattendanumberofcoursesinordertograduate,andeachcoursewhichheattendsgiveshimagradewhic
Economicdevelopmentdependsontheextractionofnaturalresourcesandonlow-skilledlabor,whichhasresultedinaweakmanuf
Alawyerfriendofminehasdevotedherselftotheserviceofhumanity.Herspecialareaiscalled"publicinterestlaw".Man
Theenvironment-friendlyplan___________agoodexampleforothercompanies.
NocountryintheworldhasmoredailynewspapersthantheUSA.Therearealmost2,000ofthem,ascomparedwith155inJapan,
Thepassageasawholecanbestbecharacterizedaswhichofthefollowing?Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthekindofe
Whichofthefollowingwouldmostlogicallybethetopicoftheparagraphimmediatelyfollowingthepassage?Itcanbeinferred
Today’slowgasolinepricesmakeconsumerswillingtoindulgetheirpreferenceforlargercars,whichconsumegreateramountsof
Intheearly1970’s,whenartreacheditscurrenthighlevelsofpopularityandvalue,arashoftheftsofworksbygreatartis
Originallypublishedin1950,SomeTameGazellewasBarbaraPym’sfirstnovel,butitdoesnotreadlikeanapprenticework.
随机试题
公司网络采用单域结构进行管理,网络中所有的计算机都运行微软公司的Windows系列操作系统。出于安全方面的考虑,网络中一些重要的服务器,如备份服务器,文件服务器,域控制器被放置在机房,所有员工不能直接使用这些服务器(以交互方式登录服务器,并对其进行使用)。
原始社会的管理道德规范()
冠心病绝大多数是指
尿三杯试验中,哪一项提示血液来自肾脏
下列物质中,两个氢原子的化学性质不同的是()。
讲话稿的写作中,在开头部分必须说明讲话目的和原因。()
既定的一组经济资源可以分别生产A、B、C三种产品。生产B产品收入900万元,生产C产品收入1000万元,那么生产A产品的机会成本为()。
实用无线电报系统的发明者是()。
据报道,我国每年家用电器的理论报废量已超5000万台,且以年均20%的速度在增长。大量废旧家电产品,如果处理不当就会变成“环境炸弹”,利用好就会成为“城市矿山”。由“环境炸弹”变成“城市矿山”的哲学依据是()
设A为m×s矩阵,B为s×n矩阵,要使ABX=0与BX=0为同解方程组的充分条件是().
最新回复
(
0
)