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  3. University used to be for a privileged few. In some countries it is now almost a rite of passage. Although that is excellent new

University used to be for a privileged few. In some countries it is now almost a rite of passage. Although that is excellent new

admin2022-04-20  103
问题     University used to be for a privileged few. In some countries it is now almost a rite of passage. Although that is excellent news, few countries have worked out how to pay for it. In some of continental Europe, where the state often foots the bill, the result has usually been under investment. In America, where students themselves pay, many have little choice but to take on huge debts.
    English policymakers thought they had struck the right balance, with a mix of student fees and generous state loans. But, nearly two decades after youngsters were first required to contribute to tuition costs, the system has dwindling support at home. Jeremy Corbyn, Labour’s leader, speaks as though it were designed to keep the poor from spoiling the ivory towers. He has called for an end to the "debt burden" on students, and has claimed that "fewer working-class young people are applying to university. " Labour’s showing at the recent election suggests many young voters agree.
    Mr Corbyn’s argument betrays a disregard for the facts and a poor understanding of student finance. Twenty years ago English students could go to university free, with the state covering the cost. The result was many struggling institutions and strict limits on the numbers of students universities were allowed to take. Annual tuition fees allowed an expansion of higher education, from around 30% of 18-year-olds to more than 40%—and the proportion of youngsters going to university from poor parts of the country has grown from one-in-ten to three-in-ten.
    That is because loans for tuition are combined with gentle repayment terms. Graduates only pay back based on their income above ￡21,000 a year, meaning that their debts never become unmanageable. Outstanding loans are written off after 30 years. Critics argue that tuition fees aggravate inequality between generations (rich oldsters attended university free, after all), but the alternative would be greater inequality within generations—as poorer students were once again frozen out when capacity fell, and relatively wealthy graduates were subsidised from general taxation.
    The real problem with the English system is not fairness, but that fees have not driven up standards. Almost all universities charge the maximum, whatever the course—not because they are a "cartel", but because no university wants to suggest that it offers a cut-price, second-rate degree. Nevertheless, surveys indicate that students have seen little improvement in teaching.
    One answer would be to promote competition by giving students better information. The government has relaxed the rules for new institutions in the hope that they will develop new teaching methods and drive down prices. It could also encourage students to hold universities to account, with devices such as learning contracts specifying what undergraduates should expect, and by helping them switch courses if they are dissatisfied. If students think they are not getting value for money, support for a scheme that is fair and progressive will dwindle. And that could lead to the most regressive step of all: scrapping tuition fees.
A tuition-free system would lead to________.
选项 A、an expansion of higher education
B、an elimination of generational inequality
C、a wider gap between rich and poor
D、an anti-tax sentiment in the public
答案C
解析 本题是推断题。根据题干中的关键词tuition free system和lead to定位至第三四段。第三段说明了“免学费体制的后果是‘导致大学资金不足、招生人数受到严格限制’”，同时也凸显其缺陷为“限制贫困学生上大学”，而学费体制的成效是“高等教育扩张、贫困大学生比例增加”；第四段通过批评者的看法来指出，免学费体制将会加剧代际不平等——因为资金和招生限制，贫困学生会被再次排挤在大学校门之外，而只有相对富裕的学生能享受国家资助。可知，免学费体制可能加剧贫富分化，故答案选C。同时排除B项“代际不平等的消除”；A项 “高等教育的扩张”是将第三段第四句中提到的“英国现行收学费体制带来的成效”曲解为“免学费体制导致的结果”，故排除D项“公众的反税情绪”在文中并未提及，故排除。
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