2. 外语
  3. 早年的艰辛生活磨炼了范仲淹坚忍不拔的毅力和不计利害得失、心怀天下的胸襟。他一生仕途坎坷，几度遭贬。他的朋友藤子京被贬岳州(今湖南岳阳)，重修岳阳楼，写信请他为岳阳楼写篇记，尽管那时范仲淹在政治上遭到很大的打击，被贬在邓州，身体欠佳，但他还是答应了藤子京的要

早年的艰辛生活磨炼了范仲淹坚忍不拔的毅力和不计利害得失、心怀天下的胸襟。他一生仕途坎坷，几度遭贬。他的朋友藤子京被贬岳州(今湖南岳阳)，重修岳阳楼，写信请他为岳阳楼写篇记，尽管那时范仲淹在政治上遭到很大的打击，被贬在邓州，身体欠佳，但他还是答应了藤子京的要

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问题     早年的艰辛生活磨炼了范仲淹坚忍不拔的毅力和不计利害得失、心怀天下的胸襟。他一生仕途坎坷，几度遭贬。他的朋友藤子京被贬岳州(今湖南岳阳)，重修岳阳楼，写信请他为岳阳楼写篇记，尽管那时范仲淹在政治上遭到很大的打击，被贬在邓州，身体欠佳，但他还是答应了藤子京的要求，在邓州的花洲书院挥毫撰写了著名的《岳阳楼记》。
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答案The hardships he (Fan Zhongyan) had experienced in childhood had toughened his willpower and endowed him with such broadmindedness that he began to concern himself about the affairs and future of the state, regardless of personal gains or losses. When his friend Teng Zijing, relegated to Yuezhou (where Yueyang in Hunan Province stands today), decided to renovate the Yueyang Tower and wrote to ask him to write a memorial note of the renovated tower, Fan Zhongyan, though in poor health, agreed and gladly composed the famous "Note of the Yueyang Tower" at Huazhou Academy in Dengzhou where he himself had been relegated following a series of setbacks in his political career.
解析 1．本段叙述历史人物的生平事迹，故应采用一般过去时为总体时态。
2．第1句的“坚忍不拔的毅力”通常可译为indomitable或strong willpower，本句中前面有“磨炼”，连在一起可译为toughened his willpower．也可译为had formed his indomitable／strong willpower。
3．“利害得失”是汉语四字词组，“利害”和“得失”意思相仿，译为英语时只需翻译其一，即译为personal gainsor losses，简洁明了，贴切原文的意思。
4．“心怀天下”也是典型的四字词语，意思是“关心国家大事”，此处意译为concern oneself about the affairsand future of the state，使读者一目了然。
5．第2句和第3句的意思联系紧密，可以把前者作为后者的原因，译文中使用following连接，这样处理较为妥当。following在这里是个介词，意为“由于，因为”。
6．“挥毫”完全是汉语的表达形式与意象，描述书写时的潇洒与洒脱形象，也可指书写时的兴奋心态，其中“毫”指的是毛笔，英语中没有对应。若直译成wield one’s brush反而不妥，故将其省略而不译，可以保底。译作gladly composed可作为一种拔高译法生动形象地表现出范仲淹的大家气派。
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