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  3. In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of fact

In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of fact

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问题     In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception of the food in front of us.
    Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV(or a similar distraction)can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues, like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption.
    A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people’s hunger levels were predicted not by how much they’d eaten but rather by how much food they’d seen in front of them, in other words, how much they remembered eating.
    This disparity(差异)suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol.
    "Hunger isn’t controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal," Brunstrom says. "This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought."
    These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body’ s response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 380-calorie(卡路里)milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones(荷尔蒙), depending on whether the shake’s label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they’ d consumed a higher-calorie shake.
    What does this mean for our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoiding TV and multitasking while eating.
    The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite, Brunstrom says.
What is said to be a factor affecting our appetite and food intake?
选项 A、How we perceive the food we eat.
B、What ingredients the food contains.
C、When we eat our meals.
D、How fast we eat our meals.
答案A
解析 细节题。根据细节题的解题方法，先通过题干关键词factor affecting ourappetite and food intake定位至文章第一段our appetite and food intake are influencedby…该句指出，我们的食欲和进食量除了受生理需求的影响外，还受其他因素的影响，包括饮食环境和对食物韵感知，A中的perceive是perception的动词形式，表达了对食物的感知这一意思，故选A，其他选项均未提及，可排除。
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