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  3. Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great importance. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to

Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great importance. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to

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问题     Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great importance. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace. As a matter of fact, it is the other way around.
    Traditional custom, taken the world over, is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what any one person can ever in individual actions. Yet that is a rather trivial (微不足道的) aspect of the matter. The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and in belief and the very great varieties it may manifest.
    No man ever looks at the world with pristine eyes. He sees it edited by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking. Even in his philosophical probing he cannot go behind these stereotypes; his very concepts of the true and the false will still have reference to particular traditional customs. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the language of his family. When one seriously studies social orders have had the opportunity to develop independently, the figure becomes to more than an exact and matter-of-fact observation. The life history of the individual is first and foremost an adjustment to the patterns and standards traditionally handed down in his community. From the moment of his birth the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behavior. By the time he can talk, he is the little creature of his culture, and by the time he is grown and able to take part in its activities, its habits are his habits, its beliefs his beliefs, its impossibilities his impossibilities.
Which of the following can best describe "custom"?
选项 A、The concept of the true and the false of a society.
B、The independently developed social orders.
C、The adjustment of the individual to the new social environment.
D、The patterns and standards of behavior of a community.
答案D
解析 根据第二段倒数第三句“The life history of the individual is first and foremost an adjustment to the patterns and standards traditionally handed down in his community．”(一个人一生首先就是要不断调节自己以适应由他所处环境所保留下来的生活模式及标准。)再结合第一段第二句后半部分“…but custom…is behavior at its most commonplace”，由此可知，习俗是一种行为。所以D正确。A、B、C三个选项不全面，而且仅仅把习俗看为一种规则和观念类的东西，故排除。
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