2. 外语
  3. 　　(1) Once again, seething, residual anger has burst forth in an American city. And the riots that overtook Los Angeles were a r

　　(1) Once again, seething, residual anger has burst forth in an American city. And the riots that overtook Los Angeles were a r

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问题 　　(1) Once again, seething, residual anger has burst forth in an American city. And the riots that overtook Los Angeles were a reminder of what knowledgeable observers have been saying for a quarter-century: America will continue paying a high price in civil and ethnic unrest unless the nation commits itself to programs that help the urban poor lead productive and respectable lives.
    (2) Once again, a proven program is worth pondering: national service.
    (3) Somewhat akin to the military training that generations of American males received in the armed forces, a 1990s version would prepare thousands of unemployable and undereducated young adults for quality lives in our increasingly global and technology-driven economy, national service opportunities would be available to any who needed it and make no mistake, the problems are now so structural, so intractable, that any solution will require massive federal intervention.
    (4) In his much-quoted book, "The Truly Disadvantaged," sociologist William Julius Wilson wrote that "only a major program of economic reform" will prevent the riot-prone urban underclass from being permanently locked out of American economic life. Today, we simply have no choice. The enemy within and among our separate ethnic selves is as daunting as any foreign foe.
    (5) Families who are rent apart by welfare dependency, job discrimination and intense feelings of alienation have produced minority teenagers with very little self-discipline and little faith that good grades and the American work ethic will pay off. A military-like environment for them with practical domestic objectives could produce startling results.
    (6) Military service has been the most successful career training program we’ve ever known, and American children born in the years since the all-volunteer army was instituted make up a large proportion of this targeted group. But this opportunity may disappear forever if too many of our military bases are summarily closed and converted or sold to the private sector. The facilities, manpower, traditions, and capacity are already in place.
    (7) Don’t dismantle it: rechannel it.
    (8) Discipline is a cornerstone of any responsible citizen’s life. I was taught it by my father, who was a policeman. Many of the rioters have never had any at all. As an athlete and former army officer, I know that discipline can be learned. More importantly, it must be learned or it doesn’t take hold.
    (9) A precedent for this approach was the Civilian Conservation Corps that worked so well during the Great Depression. My father enlisted in the CCC as a young man with an elementary school education and he learned invaluable skills that served him well throughout his life. The key was that a job was waiting for him when he finished. The certainty of that first entry-level position is essential if severely alienated young minority men and women are to keep the faith.
    (10) We all know these are difficult times for the public sector, but there’s a chance to add energetic and able manpower to America’s workforce. They could be prepared for the world of work or college — an offer similar to that made to returning GIs after World War II. It would be a chance for 16- to 21-year-olds to live among other cultures, religions, races and in different geographical areas. And these young people could be taught to rally around common goals and friendships that evolve out of pride in one’s squad, platoon, company, battalion — or commander.
    (11) We saw such images during the Persian Gulf War and during the NACC Final Four basketball games. In military life and competitive sports, this camaraderie doesn’t just happen; it is taught and learned in an atmosphere of discipline and earned mutual respect for each other’s capabilities.
    (12) A national service program would also help overcome two damaging perceptions held by America’s disaffected youth: that society just doesn’t care about minority youngsters and that one’s personal best efforts will not be rewarded in our discriminatory job market. Harvard professor Robert Reich’s research has shown that urban social ills are so pervasive that the upper 20 percent of Americans — that "fortunate fifth" as he calls them — have decided quietly to "secede" from the bottom four-fifths, and the lowest fifth in particular. We cannot accept such estrangement on a permanent basis. And what better way to answer skeptics from any group than by certifying the technical skills of graduates from a national service training program?
    (13) Now, we must act decisively to forestall future urban unrest. Republicans must put aside their aversion to funding programs aimed at certain cultural groups. Democrats must forget labels and recognize that a geographically isolated subgroup of Americans — their children in particular — need systematic and substantive assistance for at least another 20 years.
    (14) The ethnic taproots of minority Americans are deeply buried in a soil of faith and loyalty to traditional values. With its emphasis on discipline, teamwork, conflict resolution, personal responsibility and marketable skills development, national service can provide both the training and that vital first job that will reconnect these Americans to the rest of us. Let’s do it now before the fire next time.
According to the context, what does "the fire" refer to (Para. 14)?
选项 A、Discrimination.
B、Anger
C、Riot.
D、Aversion.
答案C
解析 此题为综合题。需要读者读懂该文章的结构，最后一段是对第一段的呼应。最后一段的最后一句是“Let’s do it now before the fire next time．”，回应的是第一段中的这一句“And the riots ’that overtook Los Angeles were a…”，这是上下文中的一个指代，这也是前后呼应中的指代，因此fire指的就是riots，选项C为正确答案。其他的都是干扰项，如果读者不能完整理解文章，就很容易出错，因为文中都提到这些词。
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