在郭老新编的话剧“蔡文姬”里,提到了蔡文姬的父亲蔡邕所造的那张焦尾琴。最近我看了“蔡文姬”的演出,自然而然想起了焦尾琴,想起了关于焦尾琴的故事: 蔡邕因为不愿趋附权贵,怕被人陷害,曾经亡命江南,往来于吴会之间(今江、浙一带),计十二年。据说他在吴(

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问题     在郭老新编的话剧“蔡文姬”里,提到了蔡文姬的父亲蔡邕所造的那张焦尾琴。最近我看了“蔡文姬”的演出,自然而然想起了焦尾琴,想起了关于焦尾琴的故事:
    蔡邕因为不愿趋附权贵,怕被人陷害,曾经亡命江南,往来于吴会之间(今江、浙一带),计十二年。据说他在吴(今苏州)的时候,有一天听见邻家烧饭的柴火中发出一种爆裂的声音,他熟悉这种声音,知道这声音来自一种极好的桐木(paulownia wood),这种桐木是造琴(seven-stringed zither)的最好材料。他就跟邻家主人商量,把这段烧焦了的桐木要了来,造成一张琴。这张琴弹起来果然非常好听。因为它的一端是烧焦的,所以大家都叫它焦尾琴。

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答案 Unwilling to flatter the bigwigs and attach himself to them, Cai Yong, in case of being framed, fled to the regions in the south of the Yangtze River for twelve years, moving between Wu and Hui in today’s Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces. It was said that during his stay in Wu (today’s Suzhou) , one day he heard the crackling of firewood when his neighbor was cooking, a sound he was so familiar with that he immediately knew it came from a fabulous paulownia wood, which was the best material for making seven-stringed zithers. Therefore, he discussed it with his neighbor and demanded this section of scorched paulownia wood, which he made into a seven-stringed zither. It sounds really good when played.

解析 1.画线部分第一句中的动词过多,故根据句意确定句子的主干部分为“蔡邕曾经亡命江南”,并将其他部分处理为介词短语和非谓语成分。“不愿趋附权贵”译为形容词短语作原因状语,其中“趋附权贵”指奉承依附有权有势的人,故可译为flatter the bigwigs and attach himself to them,译文言简意赅;“怕被人陷害”可处理为介词短语作目的状语,其中“被人陷害”译为动名词的被动式;“往来于吴会之间”可译为现在分词短语;“计十二年”可译为介词for引出的短语,作时间状语。
2.画线部分第二句是一个长难句。“据说”译为It was said that…的句型,真正的主语为that引导的从句;“邻家烧饭的”在原文中是作定语,用来修饰“柴火”,翻译时可改为时间状语从句when his neighbor was cooking,比直译为定语从句which his neighbor used for cooking更贴合原文的意思;“这种声音”可译为a sound,作“一种爆裂的声音”(the crackling)的同位语;“他熟悉……知道这声音来自一种极好的桐木”译为省略了that的定语从句,修饰先行词a sound,该从句又含有一个结果状语从句,译文补出从句引导词so…that…,从而表明原文隐含的逻辑关系;“这种桐木是造琴的最好材料”译为非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词“一种极好的桐木”(a fabulous paulownia wood)。
3.画线部分第三句中“造成一张琴”可译为非限制性定语从句,原文中的主语被隐去,从上下文可知,这“造成一张琴”的是“蔡邕”,所以增添he作从句的主语。
4.画线部分第四句中,原文的谓语动词是“弹起来”,翻译时重新确定谓语,补出谓语动词sounds,然后将“弹起来”译为when引导的时间状语从句,使译文更为地道;翻译“弹起来”时,由于时间状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致,并且从句谓语含有be动词,故省去从句的主语和be动词,只译为when played的结构。
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