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  3. To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates e

To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates e

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问题     To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates every action he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to follow is ignored while he takes over contrary patterns from some other examples. Therefore we must turn to a more subtle theory than "Monkey see, monkey do".
    Look at it from the child’s point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show what to do.
    There is a second element at work in this situation. The child may be able to attain his immediate goal only to find that his method brings criticism from people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is told emphatically that such a racket is unpleasant, and that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus, the desire to solve any objective situation is overlaid with the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and approval when his parents like his response. Then other adults reward some actions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must adopt responses his social group approves.
    In finding trial responses, the learner does not choose models at random. He imitates the person who seems a good person to be like, rather than a person whose social status he wishes to avoid. If the pupil wants to be a good violinist, he will observe and try to copy the techniques of capable players; while some other people may most influence his approach to books.
    Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole, and he becomes an identifying figure. We use some people as models over a wide range of situations, imitating much that they do. We learn that they are dependable and rewarding models because imitating them leads to success.
It can be inferred from paragraph four that children usually imitate people________.
选项 A、who do not scold them
B、who they want to be like
C、who have a high social status
D、who give them many rewards
答案B
解析 本题关键词是paragraph four、children和people，问题是：孩子们通常会模仿什么样的人?可直接定位到原文第四段。根据第四段第二句，孩子“会模仿那些看上去值得效仿的人(imitates the person who seems a good person to be like)”。第三句举例说明如果一个学生想成为一名卓越的小提琴家，那么他就会观察并试图模仿出色小提琴弹奏者的技巧。由以上两句可知，孩子们会模仿那些他们想成为的人(who they want to be like)，因此选项B与原文含义相同，是正确选项。选项A、C、D均属于无中生有，在第四段中找不到相关支持信息。第四段：学习者在寻找可行的反应时会选择值得效仿的对象。
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考研英语二

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