首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Stages of Second Language Acquisition Stage I: (1)______Period: (1)______ 1) in this stage, most students understand (2)______th
Stages of Second Language Acquisition Stage I: (1)______Period: (1)______ 1) in this stage, most students understand (2)______th
admin
2012-05-18
47
问题
Stages of Second Language Acquisition
Stage I: (1)______Period: (1)______
1) in this stage, most students understand (2)______than they can produce. (2)______
Stage II: Early production
2) Learners can use repetitive language patterns to express
ideas and they try to express concepts by using (3)______words only. (3)______
Stage III: Speech emergence
Students have developed a vocabulary of about 3,000 words and can communicate with simple (4)______ (4)______
Stage IV: (5)______fluency (5)______
beginning to use (6)______sentences when speaking and writing and are (6)______
willing to express opinions and share their thoughts. They will (7)______to (7)______
clarify what they are learning in class.
Stage V: Advanced Fluency
It takes students from (8)______to achieve cognitive academic language (8)______
proficiency. Student will be (9)______in their ability to perform in content area (9)______
learning.
By being aware of these stages, Students can feel confident about their learning
process and they can (10)______levels if they feel they cannot express (10)______
exactly what they have in mind.
Stages of Second Language Acquisition
Many students often worry or complain about their inability to produce spoken (and sometimes written) language. They have studied a language for 6 months or even longer and they can produce just a few words and phrases. Usually, even teachers feel their students are not making as much progress as they should. After all, they say, they have been practicing patterns, drills, even some conversations in class but nevertheless, although their students can understand many things, when it comes to producing them on their own, they are at a loss.
The good news is, this is not bad or undesirable at all! It is part of a 5-step language acquisition process that could be broken into:
Stage I: Pre-production
The Silent Period: in this stage, most students understand more than they can produce. They can understand when someone talks to them but they cannot express their ideas in the same way. They can answer "Yes" or "No." English language learners, for instance, may have up to 500 words in their receptive vocabulary but they are not yet speaking. Some students will, however, repeat everything you say. They are not really producing language but are parroting.
These new learners of English will listen attentively and they may even be able to copy words from the board. They will be able to respond to pictures and other visuals. They can understand and duplicate gestures and movements to show comprehension. Total Physical Response methods will work well with them. Teachers should focus attention on listening comprehension activities and on building a receptive vocabulary.
English language learners at this stage will need much repetition of English. They will benefit from a buddy who speaks their language. Remember that the school day is exhausting for these newcomers as they are overwhelmed with listening to English language all day long.
Stage II: Early production
Early Production: learners can answer some "yes" or "no" questions, they use repetitive language patterns to express ideas and they try to express concepts by using one or two words only. They cannot find the words to make complete sentences. It is important to bear in mind that comprehension precedes production. This is especially true in Second Language Acquisition. You can always understand more of a language then you can produce.
This stage may last up to six months and students will develop a receptive and active vocabulary of about 1000 words. During this stage, students can usually speak in one- or two-word phrases. They can use short language chunks that have been memorized although these chunks may not always be used correctly.
Stage III: Speech emergence
Students have developed a vocabulary of about 3,000 words and can communicate with simple phrases and sentences. They will ask simple questions, which may or may not be grammatically correct, such as, May I go to bathroom? They will also initiate short conversations with classmates. They will understand easy stories read in class with the support of pictures. They will also be able to do some content work with teacher support. Here are some simple tasks they can complete:
Sound out stories phonetically.
Read short, modified texts in content area subjects.
Understand and answer questions about charts and graphs.
participate in duet, pair and choral reading activities.
Understand teacher explanations and two-step directions.
Compose brief stories based on personal experience.
Write in dialogue journals.
Dialogue journals are a conversation between the’ teacher and the student. They are especially helpful with English language learners. Students can write about topics that interest them and proceed at their own level and pace. They have a place to express their thoughts and ideas.
Stage IV: Intermediate fluency
English language learners at the intermediate fluency stage have a vocabulary of 6,000 active words. They are beginning to use more complex sentences when speaking and writing and are willing to express opinions and share their thoughts. They will ask questions to clarify what they are learning in class. These English language learners will be able to work in grade level math and science classes with some teacher support. Comprehension of English literature and social studies content is increasing. At this stage, students will use strategies from their native language to learn content in English.
Student writing at this stage will have many errors as ELLs try to master the complexity of English grammar and sentence structure. Many students may be translating written assignments from native language. They should be expected to synthesize what they have learned and to make inferences from that learning. This is the time for teachers to focus on learning strategies. Students in this stage will also be able to understand more complex concepts.
Stage V: Advanced Fluency
It takes students from 4-10 years to achieve cognitive academic language proficiency in a second language. Student at this stage will be near-native in their ability to perform in content area learning, although there may be some gaps specially when it comes to idiomatic uses of the language.
Most ELLs at this stage have been exited from ESL and other support programs. At the beginning of this stage, however, they will need continued support from classroom teachers especially in content areas such as history/social studies and in writing.
By being aware of these stages, Students can feel confident about their learning process and they can lower their anxiety levels if they feel they cannot express exactly what they have in mind.
OK, today we have learned about 5 stages of a second language acquisition. If you need more info on the topic, just google the following keywords "stages of second language acquisition". You are way on your way to learning about your own learning!
选项
答案
Intermediate
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/AkiO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
NationalParksInAmerican【1】,priorityisgiventotheamusementofthepublic.ButfortheNationalParks,thepriorityis【
A、istooshorttoincludegreatchangesB、iscompletelydifferentfromtheoldmodelsC、willtryhardtokeepitscharacteristic
Adeputysheriff’sdashmountedcameracaptureshistornadochase.Racingjustminutesbehindthemonsterstormhelooksfordam
SchoolinginAustraliabetweentheagesof6and15is______.
Thefamousline"Ifwintercomes,canspringbefarbehind?"isfrom______’spoem"OdetotheWestWind".
TheRiseofRPHistoricalreasonsReceivedPronunciation(RP)wasoriginallyassociatedwitha【1】______spokenintheregion
Themagnetfortourists,thesymbolofthecity,Manhattanisprobablythemostdeceptiveoftheboroughstooutsiderswhogener
A、moreofareactionthananinterpretationB、moreofaninterpretationthanareactionC、moredeliberatethanaccidentalD、more
Agreenandyellowparrot,whichhunginacageoutsidethedoor,keptrepeatingoverandover:"Allezvous-en!Allezvous-en!
Nothingelseatthisfestivalcomesclosetostirringuptheexcitementandsenseofdiscoverygeneratedby"Beasts",whichalso
随机试题
中国近代报纸最早是由中国人在外国出版发行。()
资料:(1)B公司年末资产负债表中的相关项目如下表所示:(2)本年度企业税前利润为360万元;利息费用160万元,其中资本化利息40万元;息税前经营活动现金流量为700万元;现金利息支出140万元。要求:根据上述资料计算该企业的有形资产债务比率、
某公司2013年1月1日发行5年期债券进行筹资,债券票面金额为1000元,票面利率为10%。要求:假设当时市场利率为12%,单利计息,到期一次还本付息,债券发行价格应为多少?
大肠癌根治术后5年生存率为
矿场土石方工程施工中使用的施工机械描述正确的是()。
突发性安全事件一旦发生,首先要做的就是()。
在公元前6世纪之前的古印度,()所受教育最为全面。
Therecentboomintechnologicaladvances,formationofnewbusinesses,andpersonal【1】isthethird,andmostdramatic,suchwav
我国《物权法》第20条规定:“当事人签订买卖房屋或者其他不动产物权的协议,为保障将来实现物权,按照约定可以向登记机构申请预告登记。预告登记后,未经预告登记的权利人同意,处分该不动产的,不发生物权效力。预告登记后,债权消灭或者自能够进行不动产登记之日起三个月
【B1】【B7】
最新回复
(
0
)