首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In trying to understand and control youth gangs, investigators and scholars have assembled what amounts to anthropological studi
In trying to understand and control youth gangs, investigators and scholars have assembled what amounts to anthropological studi
admin
2013-10-08
58
问题
In trying to understand and control youth gangs, investigators and scholars have assembled what amounts to anthropological studies of gang characteristics. Police files record everything from the face that the Crips in Los Angeles wear blue while rival Bloods wear red to intricate details of the Satanic rituals and grave desecrations committed by white gangs known as "atones" or "heavy metalers." These and other rituals make it clear that youth gangs ate fat more than mere social clubs or business organizations--they are highly developed subcultures.
The key determinant of gang’s culture is the neighborhood, known bu blacks and Hispanic gangs members as "the’ hood." Hispanic gangs, especially, identify strong with their "barrios," swatches of land often sandwiched between freeways and railroad tracks in which the same gang might have lived and fought for several generations.
The nature of the hood can make a difference in how police approach gang crime. Hispanic gangs that sell drugs ate more likely to consummate deals with friends and acquaintances inside selected shops, restaurants, or apartments, according to San Francisco gang researcher Dan Waldorf. Doing business this way requires police to have insider knowledge -- to know a gang’s secret hand signals, for example. Black gangs, by contrast, usually make sales out in the open, often to strange, in front of housing projects or small stores.
A gang’s name also reveals much. Names are often designed to inspire gear (as in New York’s Savage Nomads), to boast about a gang’s modus operandi (Miami’s Mazda Boys steal Mazda cars) or to celebrate the gang’s street or housing project (as in the Main Street Crips or the 11-Dwuce Hoovers in the neighborhood of 112th and Hoover Streets in Los Angles). In many cities, police seek to avoid publicizing the names of gangs because, as Boston police spokesman Scott Gillis said, "it gives them undue notoriety."
The dress codes and colors provide further evidence that gangs are determined to thrive in their own cultures -- gang members persist in wearing their distinctive colors even though it helps police keep track of them. Today’s gang members frequently wear baggy Khaki pants riding low on the hips, patterns shaved into their heads, a single glove or earring, and shoelaces laced to one side or the other. They also have sport bandannas and colored rags hanging from their back pockets. Many have cigarette burns on their hands to signify courage, while other display knife cuts. Tattoos are popular with black gangs. Some members wear rapper-style sunglasses and "cake cutter" combs with sharp metal tines.
Quite often they wear expensive sneakers (the BK on British Knights means "Blood Killer" to the Crips) Hats and jackets with the names of rival professional football teams have been known to provoke fights between gangs. Asian gangs ate known to color and spray their hair in bizarre styles, a disguise that can be altered quickly by the wind as their speeding car leaves the scene of crime.
Graffiti is thought to be the essence of gang membership, the essence of gang fear. For many gangs, the act of marketing graffiti is a declaration of control of a neighborhood. Defacing a rival gang’s graffiti can provoke deadly retaliation. Common images in graffiti include pitchforks, guns, dollars signs, Profanity, and sometimes the name of a targeted shooting victim. Hispanic graffiti is characterized by stylized, three-dimensional or block lettering with serifs. Black graffiti, L. A. police say, has fewer flourishes.
Gang cultures can be highly ceremonial. Many gangs have daunting initiation rites that require an aspiring member to steal car, fight the gang’s leaders, or participate in a drive-by shooting. Gang marriage ceremonies have also been recorded; one in New York City involved the sharing of blood from knife cuts and the pouring of a can of beer over the couple’s heads. At gang funerals, a booklet with photos and a rhyming tribute to the deceased is often distributed.
Though the vast majority of gang members are male, many. gangs have female associates, and there are some all-female gangs. (Los Angeles often gang is said to have 20-30female gangs.) Female members often hide and protect male members, or carry concealed weapons or narcotics for them, police say, because they are less likely to be searched. They also cater gang parties. Gang girls are often the objects of fights between jealous rival gangs. They are sometimes used as sexual lures, and are often expected to provide sex to multiple gang members.
Female gang members are often teen mothers with drug problems who, faced with the alternative of prostitution, use gangs to support themselves. Though they are increasingly as prone to fighting as male gang members, female continue to play a secondary role in most gangs. As a 19-year-old Hispanic gang member form Santa Ana said: "We’re the ones who take care of the’ hood; we protect them. They ain’t got nothing to say."
The term "subculture," as used in the passage (paragraph 1) means a gang’s ______.
选项
A、distinctive clothing or uniform
B、customs and ways of behaving
C、relationships with other gangs
D、control of a particular neighborhood
答案
B
解析
推理题。这道题比较简单,定位第一段,“subculture,”的术语是什么意思,“次文化”,次文化是指在某个较大的母文化中,拥有不同行为和信仰的较小的文化或一群人,根据这个解释,我们就可以很轻松地选择B“customs and ways of behaving”为答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/C9ZO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECTaccordingtothenewsitem?
SubfieldsofLinguisticsTheoverlappinginterestsbetweenthefieldoflinguisticsandotherdisciplinescreateseveralcross-d
WhichofthefollowingisCORRECTaboutthetennismatchbetweenJohnIsnerandNicolasMahut?
Howmenfirstlearnttoinventwordsisunknown;inotherwords,theoriginofthelanguageisamystery.Allwereallyknowis
Howmenfirstlearnttoinventwordsisunknown;inotherwords,theoriginofthelanguageisamystery.Allwereallyknowis
SlavelaborwaswidespreadintheSouthbecause_____.
Povertyexistsbecauseoursocietyisanunequalone,andtherearepowerfulpoliticalpressurestokeepthemthatway.(1)_____
HenryVIIIdissolvedallofEngland’smonasteriesandnunneriesbecause______.
第一回进山东,春正发生,出潼关沿着黄河古道走,同车里坐着几个和尚——和尚使我们与古代亲近——恍惚里,春秋战国的风云依然演义,我这是去了鲁国之境了。鲁国的土地果然肥沃,人物果然礼仪,狼虎的秦人能被接纳吗?深沉的胡琴从那一簇蓝瓦黄墙的村庄里传来,音韵绵长,和那
TheGermanChancellorAngelaMerkelsayshercountry’sattemptstobuilda【N1】______have,inherwords,"utterlyfailed".Addre
随机试题
《风波》在总体上采取的是()
女性,孕28周,胎方位为枕左前位,听取胎心音的部位应在
以下不包括在城市环境保护规划中的是()。
仲裁裁决书自()发生法律效力。
甲汽车租赁公司拟购置一批新车用于出租,现有两种投资方案,相关信息如下:方案一:购买中档轿车100辆,每辆车价格10万元,另需支付车辆价格10%的购置相关税费,每年平均出租300天,日均租金150元/辆,车辆预计使用年限8年,8年后变现价值为0,前
写字楼交通流线的管理,可遵循的原则包括()
与一般行政管理不同,社会工作可以从深层次上发挥维持社会秩序的功能,这主要是因为社会工作具有()的特点。
迄今为止,在世界范围内应用最广泛、最普遍的教学方法是()。
63,26,7,0,-1,-2,9,()
人生观的基本内容有()
最新回复
(
0
)