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  3. A recent study published in the journal Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism has some very exciting findings in the figh

A recent study published in the journal Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism has some very exciting findings in the figh

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问题     A recent study published in the journal Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism has some very exciting findings in the fight against memory loss and dementia. The World Health Organization (WHO) says that around 50 million people worldwide have dementia. Currently, there’s no treatment or cure for dementia or even a way to alter its progression. That makes preventative treatments even more exciting. Thankfully, numerous new treatments are being investigated, which are at various stages of clinical trials. So it’s not all doom and gloom.
    Although there is no cure, there are several things that can be done to support and improve the lives of individuals who have dementia, including: early diagnosis in order to promote early and optimal management; optimizing physical health, cognition, activity and well-being; identifying and treating accompanying physical illness; detecting and treating challenging behavioral and psychological symptoms; providing information and long-term support to carers.
    And movement and exercise play a role in brain health. Exercise affects the brain in many ways. To start with, exercise generally increases your heart rate, which in turn pumps more oxygen to the brain. Exercise aids the release of hormones, which provide an excellent environment for the growth of new brain cells. Exercise also promotes brain plasticity by stimulating the growth of new connections between cells in many important cortical areas of the brain. Research from UCLA even demonstrated that exercise increased growth factors in the brain, which makes it easier for the brain to grow new neuronal connections.
    While researchers are still trying to determine the exact critical factors that make exercise so good for the brain, the focus seems to be narrowing in on increased blood flow to the brain, surges of growth hormones, and massive expansion of the brain’s network of blood vessels.
    Canadian researchers at McMaster University examined the impact of exercise on the brain. Their new study suggests that the intensity at which we get more movement and exercise in our lives is critical. In their research, they found that seniors who exercised using "short bursts of activity" saw an improvement of up to 30 percent in their memory performance, while participants who worked out at a steady-state, moderate level saw no improvement.
    Jennifer Heisz, the lead author of the study, quoted in Science Daily, says, "There is urgent need for interventions that reduce dementia risk in healthy older adults. This work will help to inform the public on exercise prescriptions for brain health, so they know exactly what types of exercises boost memory and keep dementia at bay."
The underlined phrase "doom and gloom" (Line 7, Paragraph l) is closest in meaning to________.
选项 A、desperate
B、dangerous
C、intimidating
D、fortunate
答案A
解析 doom and gloom这一短语所在句为So it’s not，all doom and gloom。本句话之前的内容表示目前有许多新的治疗方法正在研究中，并且处于临床试验的不同阶段。由此可看出，目前来看，形势向好的方向发展，后面一句出现So，可判定前后句为因果关系，整个句子应该指向好的趋势，而且本句中出现了否定词not，所以doom and gloom应该是具有负面色彩的词汇，因此在这里需要选择一个表示形势不容乐观，带有负向意味的形容词。结合选项，只有desperate(绝望的)能够表达该含义，所以选项A为正确答案，整句话意思为“所以一切并不是那么绝望”。B项dangerous(危险的)和C项intimidating(恐怖的)虽然也是具有负面色彩的词汇，但和句子前后逻辑不一致，因为前一句并不是在说不危险，或者不恐怖的形势，故应排除。而D项fortunate(幸运的)的情感态度和上下文不一致，故排除。
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