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  3. There is no market without income, and the youth segment qualifies on this important dimension. Their spending reached about $55

There is no market without income, and the youth segment qualifies on this important dimension. Their spending reached about $55

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问题     There is no market without income, and the youth segment qualifies on this important dimension. Their spending reached about $55 billion, with approximately $11 billion put in savings. Because many jobs are available fast-food restaurants and other businesses that need young people for labor, over 30 percent of high school senior boys and nearly 25 percent of senior girls say they average over 20 hours of work a week during the school year.
    The important facet of teen incomes is that they are almost entirely discretionary; that is, there are few, if any, fixed obligations such as taxes, rent, insurance, and utilities that these youths must meet. A notable result of increasing youth income is the increasing tendency of youths to buy more durable and high-priced products, from radios to designer jeans, cosmetics, and footwear. According to the president of a youth-research company, "Products which were considered luxuries a few years ago are deemed necessities by youths and parents alike. " Thus, some youths are experiencing "premature affluence" —they have a lot of spending money but will not be able to sustain that level of discretionary spending once they have taken on the burdens of paying for their own necessities.
    Why do youths have such a strong consumption orientation? According to one researcher, three significant forces have molded their attitudes and consumer behavior. First, the experience of growing up in a period of economic optimism. A second factor is permissive child rearing, which has been linked by researchers to a reduced capacity for initiative and independence. Third, the new generation has a higher educational level and heavier exposure to the mass media.
    These environmental forces have had a significant influence on their consumer-behavior orientations. The result has been that youths tend to be rather optimistic about their future financial situations and level of living. For example, almost all young people look forward to what has been labeled the "standard package" —the set of durable goods, clothing, food products, and services enjoyed by the majority of Americans. Although they used to be told to save their money, young people in America today are being raised to spend, according to an authority who conducts a yearly youth poll. It is also important to recognize that the teen market not only spends a great deal of money on its own, but also influences the amount spent by parents. In total, it represents an almost $250 billion market in direct or indirect spending. Even children aged 4 to 12 directly influence $132 billion of household purchases. Today’s parents recognize that their kids are a lot more involved in making family decisions than they were as children, and many teens are doing the family shopping. Corporations are recognizing this trend and capitalizing on the fact that children can be very persistent in their search for a particular item.
The result of the influence of environmental forces on youths is that they
选项 A、tend to be optimistic about their future.
B、tend to be selfish and arrogant.
C、become more aware of environmental problems.
D、become more active in protecting environment.
答案A
解析 环境因素影响了青年人，其结果是：青年人[A]倾向于对未来抱乐观的态度。[B]倾向于变得自私和傲慢。[C]更能意识到环境问题。[D]在保护环境方面更加积极。根据最后一段开头，环境因素对青少年的消费趋向有很大影响，其结果是他们往往对未来的经济状况和生活水平非常乐观，这正是[A]的意思。其他几个选项文章中没有提及，因为文中的environmental forces指外部力量的影响，而不是自然环境。
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