首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Scientists are supposed to change their minds.【F1】Having adopted their views on scientific questions based on an objective evalu
Scientists are supposed to change their minds.【F1】Having adopted their views on scientific questions based on an objective evalu
admin
2016-01-02
87
问题
Scientists are supposed to change their minds.【F1】
Having adopted their views on scientific questions based on an objective evaluation of empirical evidence, they are expected to willingly, even eagerly, abandon cherished beliefs when new evidence undercuts them
. So it is remarkable that so few of the essays in a new book in which scientists answer the question in the title, "What Have You Changed Your Mind About?" express anything like this ideal.
Many of the changes of mind are just changes of opinion or an evolution of values. One contributor, a past supporter of manned spaceflight, now thinks it’ s pointless, while another no longer has moral objections to cognitive enhancement through drugs. Other changes of mind have to do with busted predictions, such as that computer intelligence would soon rival humans’.【F2】
Rare, however, are changes of mind by scientists identified with either side of a controversial issue.
There is no one who rose to fame arguing that a disease is caused by sticky brain plaques and who has now been convinced by evidence that the plaques are mostly innocent bystanders, not culprits. But really, we shouldn’t be surprised.【F3】
Supporters of a particular viewpoint, especially if their reputation is based on the accuracy of that viewpoint, cling to it like a shipwrecked man to floats.
Studies that undermine that position, they say, are fatally flawed.
In truth, no study is perfect, so it would be crazy to abandon an elegant, well-supported theory because one new finding undercuts it.【F4】
But it’ s fascinating how scientists with an intellectual stake in a particular side of a debate tend to see flaws in studies that undercut their dearly held views, and to interpret and even ignore "facts" to fit their views.
No wonder the historian Thomas Kuhn concluded almost 50 years ago that a scientific paradigm falls down only when the last of its powerful adherents dies.
The few essays in which scientists do admit they were wrong—and about something central to their reputation—therefore stand out.【F5】
Physicist Marcelo Gleiser of Dartmouth breaks ranks with almost every physicist since Einstein, and with his own younger self, in now doubting that the laws of nature can be unified in a single elegant formulation.
Gleiser has written dozens of papers proposing routes to the unification of gravity and quantum mechanics through everything from superstrings to extra dimensions, but now concedes that "all attempts so far have failed." Unification may be esthetically appealing, but it’ s not how nature works.
【F2】
选项
答案
然而,鲜有观念的改变是由支持争议性问题某一方的科学家作出的。
解析
该句主干是Rare are changes of mind,调整为正常语序是Changes of mind are rare。by scientists…作changes of mind的后置定语。identified with…作后置定语修饰scientists。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/CXsZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
欧洲的电视媒体——2005年英译汉及详解ItisnoteasytotalkabouttheroleofthemassmediainthisoverwhelminglysignificantphaseinEurope
探究科研领域的发展趋势——1996年英译汉及详解Thedifferencesinrelativegrowthofvariousareasofscientificresearchhaveseveralcauses.【F1】Som
CompaniesarelobbyinghardtoremovetheEU’straceabilityandlabelingpoliciesforproductscontainingGMingredients.Br
GivenalltheroilingdebatesabouthowAmerica’schildrenshouldbetaught,itmaycomeasasurprisetolearnthatstudentssp
Brothersandsistersfight,butwhenthebickeringevolvesintophysicaloremotionalabuse,it’sbullying.Ordinaryargumentso
Inwhatweliketothinkofas"primitive"warriorcultures,thepassagetomanhoodrequiresthebloodingofaspear,thetaking
Wehumanshavearemarkablebrain-mediatedcapacitytomakesoundsandletthemactassymbolicrepresentationsofotherthings.
It’sabrandnewworld—aworldbuiltaroundbrands.Hard-charging,noise-making,culture-shapingbrandsareeverywhere.They’re
Planesmayaccountforonly2percentoftheworld’scarbonemissions,butitisafiguredestinedtorise.Theaviationindust
Telecommuting,Internetshoppingandonlinemeetingsmaysaveenergyascomparedwithin-personalternatives,butasthedigital
随机试题
I’veanicelittlesumofmoneyput______forarainyday.
HistorianstendtotellthesamejokewhentheyaredescribinghistoryeducationinAmerica.It’stheone【C1】______theteachers
易耗气伤津的邪气为易袭阴位的邪气是
2005年11月,华维公司(位于A市甲区)与海天公司(位于B市乙区)签订一份加工合同,合同约定:华维公司为海天公司加工T形不锈钢配件,加工行为地在华维公司。2005年12月,海天公司被鸿达公司(位于B市丙区)吞并。因海天公司未及时支付加工费26万元,华维公
经济发展的阶段不同,经济运行的态势不同,产业政策的具体目标不同,措施和力度亦不同,体现了产业政策的()特征。
指数基金的收益与追踪的当期股票价格指数的变动()。
零售商店位置判别通常有三种类型()。
股份公司在某个财务年度内的盈余不足以支付规定的股利时,必须在以后盈利较多的年度如数补足过去所欠股利。这种股票是()。
堵车现象并非只存在于个别国家,但不同的国家有不同的对策,德国消除“高峰”时段,以色列让自行车取代汽车,西班牙大力发展公共交通等。这种现象说明()。①辩证的否定是联系的环节②要坚持一切从实际出发,实事求是③矛盾的普遍性与特殊性
【府兵制】华中师范大学2014年中国史基础真题;安徽大学2014年中国史复试真题;苏州大学2016年中国史专业基础综合真题
最新回复
(
0
)