2. 外语
  3. Brisk, cheerful and passionate about educating children, Nancy Ichinaga thinks social promotion is "junk" . As principal of an e

Brisk, cheerful and passionate about educating children, Nancy Ichinaga thinks social promotion is "junk" . As principal of an e

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问题     Brisk, cheerful and passionate about educating children, Nancy Ichinaga thinks social promotion is "junk" . As principal of an elementary school for the past 23 years, Ichinaga has never passed kids on to the next grade just to protect their self-esteem. The school is 51 percent African-American, 48 percent Latino and 75 percent below the poverty line. But last year, 88 percent of its students read at or about grade level, and Ichinaga thinks her willingness to hold kids back has much to do with that success. "We don’t promote so students can fail, " she says. "We make sure that they succeed. Our students’ self-esteem is good because they are successful academically, not because we’ ve tried to pump them up."
    Social promotion has been widespread in US schools for at least 20 years. Its rationale is to avoid damaging the pupil’s sense of self-worth and to assume that if promoted, the child can catch up. But school officials and politicians are increasingly ready to accept what traditionalists like Ichinaga have been saying all along—that school promotion, though well intended, has been an academic disaster. Bill Clinton is on record against it, as is the American Federation of Teachers. In New York city, school chancellor Rudy Crew recently unveiled a plan to phase it out. He told a reporter, "This is not about being punitive with kids. It is about caring so much about children that you will not let them fail. "
    To live up that rhetoric, Crew and other reformers urgently need to show that kids who fail will get the academic support they need. The model could be the Chicago public school system, which abolished social promotion in 1996. Kids who fail are sent to summer school, where they get a second chance to pass. Most succeed and those who don’t are assigned to smaller classes and evaluated for learning disabilities and other special needs.
    The scary part is just how widespread social promotion has become. In New York, Crew estimated that more than a third of all fourth and seventh-graders would have to repeat a year if the policy were ended immediately. "Though Crew didn’t say so, there is no reason to think the percentage is different for other grades which is why the practice arguably conceals massive failure. And nobody gains from that.  
The word "social promotion" in this text means
选项 A、the help given by society to those kids who lag behind
B、the practice of passing on students who fail to a higher grade
C、the practice of rewarding top students
D、the effort to promote equality of all students, regardless of their race or color
答案B
解析 文中第一段第一、二句话指出：Nancy认为social promotion是junk。并说：Ichinaga has never passed kids on to the next grade just to protect their self—esteem。next grade即指明social promotion就是不让学生留级。
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