首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
(1) Most people have experienced the feeling, after a taxing mental work-out, that they cannot be bothered to make any more deci
(1) Most people have experienced the feeling, after a taxing mental work-out, that they cannot be bothered to make any more deci
admin
2021-09-18
84
问题
(1) Most people have experienced the feeling, after a taxing mental work-out, that they cannot be bothered to make any more decisions. If they are forced to, they may do so intuitively, rather than by reasoning. Such apathy is often put down to tiredness, but a study published recently in Psychological Science suggests there may be more to it than that Whether reason or intuition is used may depend simply on the decision-maker’s blood-sugar level—which is, itself, affected by the process of reasoning.
(2) E.J. Masicampo and Roy Baumeister of Florida State University discovered this by doing some experiments on that most popular of laboratory animals, the impoverished undergraduate. They asked 121 psychology students who had volunteered for the experiment to watch a silent video of a woman being interviewed that had random words appearing in bold black letters every ten seconds along the perimeter of the video. This was the part of the experiment intended to be mentally taxing. Half of the students were told to focus on the woman, to try to understand what she was saving, and to ignore the words along the perimeter. The other half were given no instructions. Those that had to focus were exerting considerable self-control not to look at the random words.
(3) When the video was over, half of each group was given a glass of lemonade with sugar in it and half was given a glass of lemonade with sugar substitute. Twelve minutes later, when the glucose from the lemonade with sugar in it had had time to enter the students’ blood, the researchers administered a decision-making task that was designed to determine if the participant was using intuition or reason to make up his mind.
(4) The students were asked to think about where they wanted to live in the coming year and given three accommodation options that varied both in size and distance from the university campus. Two of the options were good, but in different ways: one was far from the campus, but very large; the other was close to campus, but smaller. The third option was a decoy, similar to one of the good options, but obviously not quite as good. If it was close to campus and small, it was not quite as close as the good close option and slightly smaller. If it was far from campus and large, it was slightly smaller than the good large option and slightly farther away.
(5) Psychologists have known for a long time that having a decoy option in a decision-making task draws people to choose a reasonable option that is similar to the decoy. Dr. Masicampo and Dr. Baumeister suspected that students who had been asked to work hard during the video and then been given a drink without any sugar in it would be more likely to rely on intuition when making this decision than those from the other three groups. And that is what happened; 64% of them were swayed by the decoy. Those who had either not had to exert mental energy during the showing of the video or had been given glucose in their lemonade, used reason in their decision-making task and were less likely to be swayed by the decoy.
(6) It is not clear why intuition is independent of glucose. It could be that humans inherited a default nervous system from other mammals that was similar to intuition, and that could make snap decisions about whether to fight or flee regardless of how much glucose was in the body.
(7) Whatever the reason, the upshot seems to be that thinking is, indeed, hard work. And important decisions should not be made on an empty stomach.
Which group of students tended to be swayed by the decoy, according to the study?
选项
A、The no-watching-instructions group that had been given glucose in their lemonade.
B、The no-watching-instructions group having been given sugar substitute in their lemonade.
C、The mental-energy-exerting group that had been given glucose in their lemonade.
D、The mental-energy-exerting group that had been given sugar substitute in their lemonade.
答案
D
解析
从题干的swayed by the decoy定位到第5段。第5段第2句中的students who had been asked to work hard实际指的就是mental-energy exerting students,D的内容是原文该句的同义表达,符合题意,故选D。细节题,这一类题目涉及两个层次的选择,首先是在。The no-watching-instructions group和The mental- energy-exerting group之间做出选择。在排除前者之后,再在修饰他们的第二层意思中进行选择。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/CwIK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
OnPublicSpeakingI.People’sfrequentresponsetogivingtheirfirstspeech:feel【T1】______【T1】______II.Thespeaker’ssecr
OnPublicSpeakingI.People’sfrequentresponsetogivingtheirfirstspeech:feel【T1】______【T1】______II.Thespeaker’ssecr
HowInterpretersWork?I.UnderstandingA.Aboutwordsandexpressions—【T1】______wordsmaybeleftout:【T1】______—Ifnotknow
HowInterpretersWork?I.UnderstandingA.Aboutwordsandexpressions—【T1】______wordsmaybeleftout:【T1】______—Ifnotknow
A、Askingasfewquestionsaspossible.B、Beingconfidenttotakecharge.C、Stressingyourqualificationandeducationbackground
(1)Ifyouwanttoseewhatittakestosetupanentirelynewfinancialcenter(andwhatisbestavoided),headforDubai.This
A、Theirpotentialemployers.B、Theirfuturespouse.C、Theirchildhoodteachers.D、Theirfinancialadvisors.A主持人(男士)提到,当孩子们长大成人,
(1)Howiscommunicationactuallyachieved?Itdepends,ofcourse,eitheronacommonlanguageoronknownconventions,oratlea
随机试题
开发方式一般可分为两大类,一类是利用油藏的天然能量进行开采,另一类是采取()油层能量进行开发。
数据表对象和______对象可以作为报表、窗体的数据来源。
下列符合非霍奇金淋巴瘤的描述是
患者,女,38岁。右髋关节疼痛10年,下楼和活动后髋关节疼痛加重,髋关节无痛行走距离1000m,口服“芬必得等”镇痛药效果不佳,夜间痛不明显。查体:跛行步态,右髋关节前方压痛,右髋关节内外旋转明显受限,内旋诱发痛阳性。需要考虑的诊断是
患者,男,14岁。患1型糖尿病2年,近日在家中用胰岛素治疗,突然发生昏迷。其昏迷原因最可能是()
以下关于国内期货市场价格描述正确的有()。[2012年5月真题]
甲公司因整理文字资料的需要招聘了李某,并与李某协商签订了一份非全日制用工劳动合同。李某工作一段时间后,觉得收入太低,又到乙公司工作,并签订了非全日制用工劳动合同。不久,李某觉得同时在两家公司工作太累,遂向甲公司提出解除劳动合同。甲公司认为李某应提前30日通
(2006年真题)罗马法复新时期出现的以研究和恢复罗马法为核心的法学流派是
Therobbertriedto______thestolengoodsfromthehousehehadbrokeninto,butwascaughtbytheguards.
Mr.Brownhadthereport______assoonashefinished______it.
最新回复
(
0
)