首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
A fundamental problem for understanding the evolution of human language has been the lack of significant parallels among nonhuma
A fundamental problem for understanding the evolution of human language has been the lack of significant parallels among nonhuma
admin
2018-03-27
69
问题
A fundamental problem for understanding the evolution of human language has been the lack of significant parallels among nonhuman primates. Several studies found that nonhuman primates do not have a vocal tract. However, such points have been challenged by recent research, suggesting that nonhuman primates may after all be valuable models for understanding the evolution of speech and language.
The main animal model for vocal learning has been birdsong acquisition. However, there are crucial differences between birdsong acquisition and human language learning. And given some severe limitations, for example, birds have two vocal organs and do not have the flexible supralaryn-geal structures that facilitate speech, of birdsong as a model of speech, there is value in seeking other appropriate parallels among mammals.
Recent studies on macaques and baboons have shown that the vocal tracts of these monkeys can produce a full range of human-like vowels. Turn-taking is a key to fluent human conversation and has been thought to be unique to humans. One study found that captive chimpanzees increasingly share resources when resources are diminished. Collaborative turn-taking for food has been seen in other primates. These recent studies show that there is value in looking for the evolutionary origins of speech and language in nonhuman primates.
Human speech and language are highly complex systems with multiple components. Thus, to fully explain language origins, researchers must seek multiple models that represent both diverging and
converging
evolutionary processes. There may also be differences among primate species in the developmental processes that parallel human language acquisition. However, no studies have yet described vowel-like sounds in these monkeys, so marmosets and tamarins may be useful primarily for developmental studies.
It is probable that early humans faced evolutionary pressures that differed from those encountered by other primates and that have made our complex communication system adaptive. Language may have been important for coordinating activities in large cooperative groups. If individuals can thrive without complex vocal signaling, there would be little motivation to push the communication further. Different sensory and motor systems may be important. We tend to evaluate language through a vocal / auditory system, whereas research on apes is beginning to illustrate the complexity of gestural communication.
Nonhuman primates do not talk, but we should not expect them to. Each species has its own adaptations for communication. Nevertheless, there is much about language evolution that we can learn from nonhuman primates, provided that we study a variety of species and consider the multiple components of speech and language.
We can infer from Paragraph 4 that_____.
选项
A、nonhuman primates are of great significance in studying the fountain of speech
B、the relationship between human speech and language is extremely complicated
C、fluent human conversation has no relationship with turn-taking
D、the vocal tracts of the mammals can produce human-like vowels
答案
B
解析
根据题干关键词定位到文章第四段。作者在该段中提出自己的观点,指出语言系统是非常复杂的,然后进一步阐释,故B项“人类言语和语言之间的关系是极其复杂的” 符合题意。A项“非人灵长类动物在研究语言的来源方面具有重要的意义”、C项“流利的人际对话与人的交谈没有任何关系”和D项“哺乳动物的声带可以产生类似人类的元音”均不是作者在第四段中表达的内容,故选B。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/D5BZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
America’seconomyiscertainlyinatenderstate.Butthepessimismofthepresidentialslanging-matchmissessomethingvital.L
【C1】______.Thischallengeremainsandcontemporaryseismologistscontinuetoseekreliablemethodsforpinpointingthetime,pl
LiedetectorsarewidelyusedintheUnitedStatestofindoutwhetherapersonistellingthetruthornot.【F1】Polygraphers,th
WhenGeorgeBushleftthepresidencyonJanuary20th,manyAmericanswerekeentoturnthepage.Theyhavewarmlywelcomedanew
Humanlanguageisthesubjectofendlessscientificinvestigation,butthegesturesthataccompanyspeechareasurprisinglyneg
Foraquarterofacentury,surveysofreadinghabitsbytheNationalfortheArts(NEA),afederally-fundedbody,havebeenfavo
JohnStuartMillarguedinthe19thcenturythatanindividualshouldbefreetodoashepleased,solongashedidnotharman
SupposeyouryoungersisterisgoingtotheUnitedStatesforfurthereducation.Writeanaffidavitofsupportforherto1)
Amongalltheworthyfeelingsofmankind,loveisprobablythenoblest,buteveryonehashis/herownunderstandingofit.Th
达尔文的思想——2008年英译汉及详解Inhisautobiography,Darwinhimselfspeaksofhisintellectualpowerswithextraordinarymodesty.Hepoint
随机试题
云南省的西北边紧靠我国()。
肾损伤后可提出的护理诊断为哪项()
属于液化性坏死是
甲银行在某地新建分行的战略是,先主攻小额商贷业务在当地立足,再通过为小商户理财,扩大存款业务。王某是该行小额商贷部的一名主管,为实施新建分行的战略,首先抓住战略实施中的一个重要变量——市场细分,组织信贷员对市场进行细分和选择研究。因为他知道,只有在市场细分
为了用电流表、电压表测定值电阻Rx的阻值,实验小组设计了如下图甲所示的电路。请你回答下列问题:滑动变阻器在实验中的作用是:①_______;②_______。
习近平总书记提出要把“三严三实”要求贯穿改革全过程,引导广大党员、干部特别是领导干部大力弘扬实事求是、求真务实精神。()
认识失调是指由于做了一项与态度不一致的行为而引发的不舒服感觉。下列属于认识失调的是()。
党的十八届三中全会通过的《决定》提出,国有资本加大对公益性企业的投人,在提供()方面作出更大贡献。
王方将5万元存入银行,银行利息为1.5%/年,请问2年后,他的利息是多少?()
消极完美主义者总是非常仔细地检查任何事情的细枝末节,有时竟达到________的地步。他们缺少一种适时放弃的智慧,他们所追求的“完美”,不是美学意义上的“完美”,而是一种非常刻板而教条式的“完美”。填入画横线部分最恰当的一项是()。
最新回复
(
0
)