2. 考研
  3. Most of the luxuries, and many of the so-called comforts of life, are not only not indispensable, but positive hindrances to the

Most of the luxuries, and many of the so-called comforts of life, are not only not indispensable, but positive hindrances to the

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问题 Most of the luxuries, and many of the so-called comforts of life, are not only not indispensable, but positive hindrances to the elevation of mankind. With respect to luxuries and comforts, the wisest have ever lived a more simple and meagre life than the poor. The ancient philosophers, Chinese, Hindoo, Persian, and Greek, were a class than which none has been poorer in outward riches, none so rich in inward. We know not much about them. It is remarkable that we know so much of them as we do. The same is true of the more modern reformers and benefactors of their race. None can be an impartial or wise observer of human life but from the vantage ground of what we should call voluntary poverty. Of a life of luxury the fruit is luxury, whether in agriculture, or commerce, or literature, or art. There are nowadays professors of philosophy, but not philosophers. Yet it is admirable to profess because it was once admirable to live. To be a philosopher is not merely to have subtle thoughts, nor even to found a school, but so to love wisdom as to live according to its dictates, a life of simplicity, independence, magnanimity, and trust. It is to solve some of the problems of life, not only theoretically, but practically. The success of great scholars and thinkers is commonly a courtier-like success, not kingly, not manly. They make shift to live merely by conformity, practically as their fathers did, and are in no sense the progenitors of a noble race of men.
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答案 大多数奢侈品以及所谓的生活上舒适的条件，不仅是绝无必要的而且对人类的进步也是绝对的阻碍。从这两个方面来说，最智慧的人过去的生活比穷人还要简单和清贫。中国、印度、波斯和希腊古代的哲学家们没有一个不是外在物质世界很贫穷，而内在的精神世界却很富足的。我们对他们并不是真正的了解。不过值得注意的是，我们对他们的生平事迹却是很了解。近代的那些改革家以及民族的大救星也大都如此。唯有站在甘于贫乐的有利地位上人们才能公平而又英明地审视人类的生活。不管在农业还是商业，文学还是艺术上，奢侈的生活结出的果实也都是奢侈的。如今，哲学教授遍地开花而哲学家却寥寥无几。当教授是很令人眼红的，因为过去他们都过着令人艳羡的生活。而成为一个哲学家，不仅仅要有细致人微的思想或是创立一个学派，而是要热爱智慧，要根据智慧的学说去过一种简单、独立、大度和值得信赖的生活。这不是从理论上，而是从实际方法上着手去解决生命中的一些难题。那些伟大的学者和思想家的成功，一般都是唯唯诺诺的，而不是高高在上或气冲云天的。他们趋炎附势，实际上是沿袭他们父辈的所作所为，所以他们绝不是人类高贵的先知者。
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