2. 考研
  3. Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD(Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development)countries, in particular, how to p

Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD(Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development)countries, in particular, how to p

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问题     Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD(Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development)countries, in particular, how to pay for future public pension liabilities. And early retirement places an【C1】______burden on pension financing. There is no easy solution, but【C2】______retirement could help.
    Early retirement may seem like a worthy individual goal, but it is a socially【C3】______one, and makes the present public pension system difficult to sustain for long. The【C4】______reason is that more people are retiring early and living longer. That means more retirees depending on the【C5】______of those in work for their income. The【C6】______is worrying. In the next 50 years, low fertility rates and【C7】______life expectancy in OECD countries will cause this old-age dependency rate to roughly double【C8】______size. Public pension payments, which afford 30% ~ 80% of total retirement incomes in OECD countries, are【C9】______to rise, on average, by over three percentage points in GDP and by as much as eight percentage points in some countries.【C10】______is the pressure on pension funds that there is a danger of today’s workers not getting the pensions they expected or felt they【C11】______for.
    Action is needed,【C12】______simply aiming to reduce the【C13】______ (and cost)of public pensions, or trying to【C14】______the role of privately funded pensions within the system, though necessary steps, may be【C15】______to deal with the dependency challenge. After years of【C16】______early retirement schemes to avoid【C17】______and higher unemployment, many governments are now looking【C18】______persuading people to stay in work until they are older. Surely, the thinking goes, if we are healthier now and jobs are physically less【C19】______and unemployment is down, then perhaps the【C20】______rate should rise anew.
【C12】
选项 A、but
B、for
C、and
D、thus
答案A
解析 逻辑关系。考生需要判断空格前后两个分句之间的逻辑关系。由于该句结构比较复杂，且空格较多，可以答完第13、14、15题以后再答。空格所在句子的含义是：需要采取行动，仅仅试图减少公共养老金的支出和费用或试图增强私人养老金在系统中的作用，虽然是必需的，但在应对这种挑战方面是不够的。可见二者是转折关系，因此A项正确。for“因为”，表因果；and“并且”，表并列或递进；thus“因而”，表因果。
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