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  3. The Nobels are the originals, of course. However, not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. There are now hundreds of awards a

The Nobels are the originals, of course. However, not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. There are now hundreds of awards a

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问题     The Nobels are the originals, of course. However, not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. There are now hundreds of awards and award ceremonies for all kinds of things.
    The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly American) film industry to tell itself how good it is and an annual opportunity for lots of big stars to give each other awards and make tearful speeches. As well as that there are also the Golden Globes, evidently for the same thing.
    But it’s not only films—there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and the MTV for music. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker Prize can expect to see their difficult, literary novel hit the bestseller lists and compete with The Da Vinci Code for popularity. The Turner Prize is an award for British contemporary artists—each year it causes controversy by apparently giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, putting animals in glass cases or—this year—building a garden shed.
    Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own award ceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated from high school or, got a university degree. Even the British Council has its own awards for "Innovation in English Language Teaching".
    Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artists could win "patronage" from rich people—a king or a lord would give the artists or scientists money to have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in social systems across the world, this no longer happens. A lot of scientific research is now either funded by the state or by private companies.
    Perhaps award ceremonies are just the most recent phase of this process. However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, many more people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel Prize, many more people buy their books.
    Most award ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits—but also the sponsors. The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself! On the surface, it seems to be a "win-win" situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question—how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?
According to Para. 5, one difference between scientists and artists in the past and those at present lies in________.
选项 A、nature of work
B、personal contact
C、source of funding
D、social status
答案C
解析 本题的关键词是scientists and artists. 答案线索定位在第五段。根据第五段第二和第四句话，过去的科学家和艺术家从富人那里得到资助，而现在则是从国家或私营公司获得资助，因此选项C的“资金来源(source of funding)”和原文属于相同含义，是正确答案。选项A属于无中生有，本段没有提到工作性质(nature of work)。选项B属于主观推导，因为第五段第二句话称，过去科学家和艺术家会从富人那里赢得“赞助”(“patronage”)，比如国王或贵族会花钱请艺术家来为宫殿蓟壁画，找科学家帮忙开发新的赚钱方式，但这些都属于工作范畴，未提到是否有私交。选项D属于无中生有，因为本段没有对比过去和现在的科学家和艺术家的社会地位(social status)。第五段：现代社会由国家或私营公司赞助科学研究而不是富人。第六段：举办奥斯卡奖颁奖典礼的原因。
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