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  3. Family violence affects the brains of children in much the same way combat affects soldiers, according to a recent study. The re

Family violence affects the brains of children in much the same way combat affects soldiers, according to a recent study. The re

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问题     Family violence affects the brains of children in much the same way combat affects soldiers, according to a recent study. The research found that chronic stress in children’s lives affects their stress response systems—in particular, two specific areas of the brain, the amygdale(扁桃腺)and the anterior insula(AI)(脑岛).
    Our body and brain are designed to recognize and react to threats to our well-being. This is an important capacity to increase our survival in【C1】______circumstances. But what happens when these alarm and response systems become over-sensitized as a result of【C2】______or long-term stress?
    The amygdala is the part of the brain that is【C3】______in emotional responses, memory, anticipation【C4】______, and preparation for stress. Along with the AI, it is part of a neural network that anticipates pain and uses emotion,【C5】______, and body input to help the body and mind to protect itself from potential harm.【C6】______alertness and self-protection are【C7】______survival skills, chronically【C8】______stress circuits can make a person【C9】______to behavioral and mental health problems, 【C10】______anxiety.
    When a person has been【C11】______to certain kinds of stressful situations, such as【C12】______family violence, the amygdala may become over-reactive. When this【C13】______up, the body’s alarm systems react more quickly and more energetically to threats than they do in【C14】______reactive people. This neural phenomenon has been documented in soldiers who show symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder or PTSD.
    A recent study published in Current Biology【C15】______that children who were coming【C16】______family violence showed changes in the reactivity of their amygdalas and AIs that were similar to those seen in soldiers returning fr°m【C17】______. Even when these children showed no【C18】______signs of unusual levels of【C19】______or anxiety, studies of their brain activity showed that their systems were on high alert and overly reactive to【C20】______threats.
【C18】
选项 A、exterior
B、extrinsic
C、outside
D、outward
答案D
解析
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