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  3. To function well in the world, people need a good sense of where their body is in space and how it’s postured. This "position se

To function well in the world, people need a good sense of where their body is in space and how it’s postured. This "position se

admin2022-11-25  97
问题     To function well in the world, people need a good sense of where their body is in space and how it’s postured. This "position sense" helps us coordinate high-fives, boot a soccer ball or pick up the remote. But that doesn’t seem to mean that our brains have an accurate sense of our body’s precise proportions. A new study found that people tend to have rather inaccurate mental models of their own hands.
    When asked to estimate where the fingertips and finger joints of their hidden hands were, study volunteers were way off. But they were all incorrect in the same directions, guessing that their hands were both shorter and wider than they actually were. The findings come from a study led by Matthew Longo of the Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience at University College London. "Our results show dramatic distortions of hand shape, which were highly consistent across participants," Longo said in a prepared statement.
    He and his co-author, Patrick Haggard, had subjects place their left hand on a platform (using different orientations in different groups), which was then covered with a board to obscure the hand. The subjects were asked to use their free right hand point with a stick to the location of each finger joint and fingertip of their left hand. The process was filmed and compared to before and after pictures of the hand. On average, the volunteers judged their hands to be 27.9 percent shorter and 69 percent wider than they were measure to be. Underestimation of each finger length, from the thumb to the little finger, increased by about 7 percent in each finger, rendering the little finger quite a bit littler than it really was.
    This trend "mirrors similar grades of decreasing sensory acuteness," the authors pointed out, and the results seem to back up models of the human body constructed from the amount of sensory cortex dedicated to various body parts. In these models the hands and face are disproportionately large in comparison to most of the body. But Longo and Haggard are still not sure why the brain has such a distorted perception of our hand proportions.
    Longo speculated that these disproportions might occur in other parts of the body as well. "These findings may well be relevant to psychiatric conditions involving body image such as anorexia nervosa, as there may be a general bias toward perceiving the body to be wider than it is," Longo said. "Our healthy participants had a basically accurate visual image of their own body, but the brain’s model of the hand underling position sense was highly distorted. This distorted perception could come to dominate in some people, leading to distortions of body image."
In Longo’s study, volunteers’ estimations of hand shape ________.
选项 A、have different tendency
B、are basically correct
C、are longer and wider
D、have obvious inaccuracy
答案D
解析 根据题干中的Longo’s study可定位到文章第二段。该段第一二句讲到，研究志愿者在看不见手的情况下估计指尖和指关节的位置时，错得很离谱，且错误的方向都是一致的，其中way off“错得厉害”和incorrect说明志愿者对双手形状的感知是不正确的，故选择D项而排除B项。第二段是对第一段末句新研究发现的进一步说明，一二句都是描述研究的概况和结果。A项中的different tendency与该段第二句中的incorrect m the same directions相矛盾。C项所说的longer and wider应改为shorter and wider “更短更宽”。当两个选项意思相对时(如本题的B项和D项)，选择其中一项即是否定另一项，若无额外或特殊情况，答案通常出现在语义相反的两个选项之中。
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