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  3. As childhood-obesity rates skyrocket, doctors are seeing an alarming rise in a costly disease once unheard of in children; type

As childhood-obesity rates skyrocket, doctors are seeing an alarming rise in a costly disease once unheard of in children; type

admin2014-04-20  32
问题     As childhood-obesity rates skyrocket, doctors are seeing an alarming rise in a costly disease once unheard of in children; type 2 diabetes. Unlike type 1, or "juvenile" diabetes—an autoimmune disorder in which the pancreas stops producing insulin—type 2 diabetes is linked to diet and lifestyle. It usually develops only in individuals who are genetically sicken for the condition, but requires a trigger—typically, insulin resistance resulting from overeating. The disease used to be seen only in adults because it took years to exhaust the body’s natural insulin production and resistance. No longer. With kids from Austria to Australia eating a diet laden with fats and sugars, type 2 diabetes is striking at ever earlier ages. Says Arian Rosenbloom, a Florida-based pediatric endocrinologist: " We do not see type 2 in kids of normal weight. "
    The pattern is similar all over the world. In the United States and Britain, half of the new cases of diabetes in children are type 2, compared with just 4 percent in 1990. In China, where 90 percent of the children who have contracted the disease are now type 2, experts say the incidence has been rising by 9 percent each year since 1992. Between 1975 and 1995 in Japan, cases of type 2 in children increased fourfold. And children in Latin America could see a 45 percent rise in the disease by 2010.
    The trend mirrors the explosion of diabetes among the general population. In 1985 an estimated 30 million people worldwide had the disease; today that number has been more than fivefold, to 177 million, 85 percent of whom have type 2. If modern diet and lifestyle aren’t drastically altered, the World Health Organization expects this number to rise to nearly 300 million cases by 2025—half of them in Asia.
    The biggest danger of developing diabetes at a younger age is that it allows more time for complications. Among other things, diabetes commonly causes blindness, loss of circulation, heart and kidney disease, strokes and dangerously high blood-sugar levels. For young people with diabetes, the expected life span is 15 years less than average. Neville Rigby, head of policy and public affairs at the International Obesity TaskForce, puts it bluntly: " Some of these children are going to die before their parents. "
    Ultimately, diabetes is incurable. Although changes in lifestyle and diet can help stem the progression of the disease, it never disappears. Most patients are on insulin injections a decade after diagnosis. Ralph Abraham, a specialist at the London Diabetes and Lipid Centre, compares trying to develop a healthy body after being diagnosed to " trying to run up a down escalator. " The best long-term hope for reversing the trend is for society to get its weight problem under control.  
To which of the following statements would the author most likely agree?
选项 A、People will change their lifestyle and diet.
B、The prediction made by WHO may be realized.
C、The WHO overestimates the danger of diabetes.
D、Diabetes will be the most popular disease around the world.
答案B
解析 推断题。从题于内容无法回归定位至原文，针对此类问题，需要从两个方面加以考虑：由于考研阅读通常按顺序设题，前两段已设出题点，因此本题考点可能在第三段。对照四个选项，认真阅读第三段内容，找到各选项出处并逐个详细分析，从文章中寻找依据，来判断作者的观点。谈及WHO(世界卫生组织)的预测时，作者在第三段末句的条件句中提到：这一数字非常可能实现，除非现代的饮食习惯和生活方式发生剧变。从该段首句的the explosion of diabetes可以看出这种疾病来势凶猛，因此WHO的预言不是危言耸听，故[B]为答案。本题考查作者可能会同意的观点，所以必须从作者的行文方式中寻找答案。从第三段来看，作者并没有提到人们意识到饮食及生活方式对身体的严重危害，有意进行调整和改变，因此[A]属于过度推断，排除。第三段列举了一系列的增长数字，表明糖尿病发展势头很猛，这与后面WHO的预测一致，而[C]认为WHO高估了糖尿病的危害，显然不符合段落中的语句逻辑，排除。[D]认为糖尿病会成为世界上最常见的疾病，属于极端的观点，在文中没有相关的表述，排除。
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