首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Mark Twain once observed that giving up smoking is easy. He knew, because he’d done it hundreds of times himself. Giving up for
Mark Twain once observed that giving up smoking is easy. He knew, because he’d done it hundreds of times himself. Giving up for
admin
2010-11-27
87
问题
Mark Twain once observed that giving up smoking is easy. He knew, because he’d done it hundreds of times himself. Giving up for ever is a trifle more difficult, apparently, and it is well known that it is much more difficult for some people than for others. Why is this so?
Few doctors believe any longer that it is simply a question of will power. And for those people that continue to view addicts as merely "weak", recent genetic research may force a rethink. A study conducted by Jacqueline Vink, of the Free University of Amsterdam, used a database called the Netherlands Twin Register to analyze the smoking habits of twins. Her results, published in the Pharmacogenomics Journal, suggest that an individual’s degree of nicotine dependence, and even the number of cigarettes he smokes per day, are strongly genetically influenced.
The Netherlands Twin Register is a voluntary database that contains details of some 7,000 pairs of adult twins (aged between 15 and 70) and 28,000 pairs of childhood twins. Such databases are prized by geneticists because they allow the comparison of identical twins (who share all their genes) with fraternal twins (who share half). In this case, however, Dr. Vink did not make use of that fact. For her, the database was merely a convenient repository of information. Instead of comparing identical and fraternal twins, she concentrated on the adult fraternal twins, most of whom had completed questionnaires about their habits, including smoking, and 536 of whom had given DNA samples to the register.
The human genome is huge. It consists of billions of DNA "letters", some of which can be strung together to make sense (the genes) but many of which have either no function, or an unknown function, To follow what is going on, geneticists rely on markers they have identified within the genome. These are places where the genetic letters may vary between individuals. If a particular variant is routinely associated with a particular physical feature or a behavior pattern, it suggests that a particular version of a nearby gene is influencing that feature or behavior.
Dr. Vink found four markers which seemed to be associated with smoking. They were on chromosomes 3, 6, 10 and 14, suggesting that at least four genes are involved. Dr. Vink hopes that finding genes responsible for nicotine dependence will make it possible to identify the causes of such dependence. That will help to classify smokers better (some are social smokers while others are physically addicted) and thus enable "quitting" programs to be customized.
Results such as Dr. Vink’s must be interpreted with care. Association studies, as such projects are known, have a disturbing habit of disappearing, as it were, in a puff of smoke when someone tries to replicate them. But if Dr. Vink really has exposed a genetic link with addiction, then Mark Twain’s problem may eventually become a thing of the past.
选项
A、he is a man with very Strong will power.
B、it is easy to give up smoking temporarily.
C、famous writers are often heavy smokers.
D、only few people have his determination.
答案
B
解析
目的细节题。文章第一句说"马克.吐温认为戒烟很容易,他之所以这么认为是由于他戒过几百次烟了",言外之意是"马克.吐温自己其实也不能长期戒烟",换句话说就是"短暂戒烟是很容易的"。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/GAZ4777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
ManyforeignerswhohavenotvisitedBritaincallalltheinhabitantsEnglish,fortheyareusedtothinkingoftheBritishIsle
Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.Youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticleby
Whichofthefollowingconsequencemightbecausedbythe2005emergencyspendingbill?Whatconflictswiththepossibleresult
ArecenthistoryoftheChicagomeat-packingindustryanditsworkersexamineshowtheindustrygrewfromitsappearanceinthe
Politicalcontroversyaboutthepublic-landpolicyoftheUnitedStatesbeganwiththeAmericaRevolution.(1)_____,evenbefore
Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthat______.Paragraph2iswrittento______.
Onceacirclemissedawedge.Thecirclewantedtobewhole,soitwentaroundlookingforitsmissingpiece.Butbecauseitwas
Inaquietcourtroomtuckedawayinafederalbuildinghere,atitanicbattleiscompetingfreespeechagainstgovernmenteffort
StarTrekismentionedinthetextsoasto______.Accordingtothetext,thecurrentresearchconcentrateson______.
"Whatadifferenceawordmakes."Theissueofsemanticshasbeenanongoingcomplaintagainstthemedia,whichhasbeencharact
随机试题
有关要约和承诺的表述,正确的有_________、_________、_________。
在Excel2010中,下列描述错误的是()。
男性,48岁,近1周内发现血压升高156/98mmHg,服用利尿剂氢氯噻嗪降压效果不佳,且出现四肢行走无力,测血钾为2.2mmol/L。若需明确诊断,则下一步需作
不属于石决明药物来源的一项是()
中国工程咨询协会和地方协会按分级管理和()3种方式进行执业检查。
下列关于电子邮件的说法不正确的是()。
2×15年1月1日,甲公司与租赁公司签订一项经营租赁合同,向租赁公司租入一台设备。租赁合同约定:租赁期为3年,租赁期,开始日为合同签订当日;月租金为10万元,每年年末支付当年度租金;前6个月免交租金。已知租赁开始日租赁设备的公允价值为1200万元。下列各项
属于行政相对人权利的有()。
设Ω={(x,y,z)|x2+y2≤3z,1≤z≤4},求三重积分
Throughouthistorymanhasobservedsuchnaturalcyclesastherisingandsettingofthesun,theebbandflowoftheoceantide
最新回复
(
0
)