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  3. Blast injuries, caused by the sort of explosions that occurred in Boston Monday, can be sonic of the most difficult and complex

Blast injuries, caused by the sort of explosions that occurred in Boston Monday, can be sonic of the most difficult and complex

admin2016-08-02  61
问题     Blast injuries, caused by the sort of explosions that occurred in Boston Monday, can be sonic of the most difficult and complex injuries to treat. The "blast wave" from the explosion acts like "an invisible wall of energy. " Its tremendous energy can inflict massive internal injuries, says Mark Morocco, associate professor of emergency medicine. Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center.
    "Blast injury is one of the most challenging constellations of injuries," says John Chovanes, trauma surgeon at Cooper University Hospital in Camden, N. J. , and an Army reservist who has done three combat tours in Iraq and Afghanistan. He has treated dozens of blast victims. In one explosive event, Chovanes says, a victim can suffer the blunt trauma of a high-speed auto accident from the high-pressure blast wave, the penetrating destruction of multiple bullet wounds from the shrapnel and potentially a swath of disfiguring burns. The rapid pressure wave can instantly inflate the stomach with air, then immediately suck it out. Such pressure is many times worse than the sudden pressure changes that people feel in their ears when a plane changes altitude. The force can rupture intestines, collapse lungs and knock the brain around inside the skull, he says. "You can have disruption of brain function without any physical finding," Morocco says," You can have internal injuries even without any obvious bleeding. "
    Boston hospitals reported that many patients had injuries to their lower legs. That’s consistent with a bomb placed at ground level, such as in a backpack, Morocco says. "Bits of leg can be blown away from the pressure wave, which is like a big wind," Morocco says. "It knocks you down." In addition to creating a massive shock wave, an explosion can also cause shrapnel or other bits of metal to slice through flesh like a knife, Morocco says.
    While no city is ever completely prepared for the kind of horror that beset Boston Monday, the city’ s emergency management system is about as good as it gets, says Richard Zane, chair of emergency medicine at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. "Boston has the most robust mass casualty plan of any city in the United States," says Zane. who previously worked in Boston’ s Brigham and Women’s Hospital for 14 years. "I’m certain this response was so well orchestrated because they have planned for this before, they have drilled for this before. "
    Boston is home to some of the best regarded hospitals in the world. Beyond the skill of its surgeons and staff, however, the city also has an integrated emergency response system-including police, fire and others—to coordinate and direct care in an emergency. That ensures that patients are portioned out to hospitals evenly, so that individual facilities aren’t overwhelmed. Coordinating care at the scene of a disaster can save lives, Morocco says, through making hard choices about which patients need to be taken first to a hospital, which can wait and which is too injured to even try.
    Even patients with extensive injuries are likely to survive if treated within "the golden hour," Morocco says. Patients who languish more than an hour without treatment often don’t make it.
According to the second paragraph, which of the following is not an injury a victim can suffer in one explosive event?
选项 A、blunt trauma of a high-speed auto accident
B、damage to the nervous system and spinal injuries
C、disruption of brain function
D、rupturing intestines, collapsing lungs and knocking the brain
答案B
解析 本题考查考生对第二段中有关爆炸可能对受害人造成的伤害的了解。第二段具体引用了两个人的话来举例说明爆炸可能造成的伤害。A和D属于约翰·夏文斯说的内容，C是马克·摩洛哥所说的内容。均是受害者可能遭受的伤害。只有B属于无中生有，文中根本没有以及，因此选B。类似这种题目，即使考生不太理解细节意思，或者在时间紧凑的情况下．只需要回到原文，逐项对照．就可以用排除法选出正确答案。
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